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Transstadial transmission information


Transovarial and transstadial transmission of the Ixodes tick

Transstadial transmission occurs when a pathogen remains with the vector from one life stage ("stadium") to the next.[1][2][3] For example, the bacteria Borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent for Lyme disease, infects the tick vector as a larva, and the infection is maintained when it molts to a nymph and later develops as an adult.[1][2] This type of transmission is seen in other parasites like viruses or Rickettsia.[3] In addition to ticks, mites are another common vector.[3][4] Some sources consider transstadial transmission a type of horizontal transmission,[5][6] whereas other sources consider it vertical or partial vertical transmission.[7][8]

Transstadial blockage could be considered the opposite of transstadial transmission, where the parasite cannot be carried over from one life stage to the next.[4] For example, viruses that undergo transstadial blockage will have decreased infectivity in molting insects.[4]

  1. ^ a b Anna Rovid Spickler; James A. Roth; Jane Galyon; Jeanne Lofstedt (January 2010). Emerging and Exotic Diseases of Animals, 4th Edition. CFSPH Iowa State University. p. 22. ISBN 978-0-9745525-8-3. Retrieved 1 April 2012.
  2. ^ a b Jesse L. Goodman; David Tappen Dennis; Daniel E. Sonenshine (2005). Tick-borne diseases of humans. ASM Press. p. 7. ISBN 978-1-55581-238-6. Retrieved 1 April 2012.
  3. ^ a b c Peter Lydyard; Michael Cole; John Holton; Will Irving; Nino Porakishvili; Pradhib Venkatesan; Kate Ward (1 January 2010). Case Studies in Infectious Disease. Garland Science. pp. 1695–6. ISBN 978-1-135-15313-7. Retrieved 3 April 2012.
  4. ^ a b c K.C. Ling (1975). Rice Virus Diseases. IRRI. p. 14. ISBN 978-971-22-0242-1. Retrieved 3 April 2012.
  5. ^ Walter Werner Holland (1984). Oxford textbook of public health. Oxford University Press. p. 262. ISBN 978-0-19-261448-3. Retrieved 3 April 2012.
  6. ^ Dhaar (2008). Foundations of Community Medicine, 2/e. Elsevier India. p. 492. ISBN 978-81-312-1055-0. Retrieved 3 April 2012.
  7. ^ George Gordh; Gordon Gordh; David Headrick (22 May 2003). A Dictionary of Entomology. CABI. pp. 971–. ISBN 978-0-85199-655-4. Retrieved 3 April 2012.
  8. ^ Bruce F. Eldridge; John D. Edman (2004). Medical Entomology: A Textbook on Public Health and Veterinary Problems Caused by Arthropods. Springer. p. 156. ISBN 978-1-4020-1794-0. Retrieved 3 April 2012.

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Transstadial transmission

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Transstadial transmission occurs when a pathogen remains with the vector from one life stage ("stadium") to the next. For example, the bacteria Borrelia...

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Ehrlichia canis

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hosts during blood meals in both the nymphal and adult stages in transstadial transmission. Because the vector of E. canis uses canine species as a primary...

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Transovarial transmission

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the next generation, and therefore more divergent interests. Transstadial transmission Murray, Patrick R.; Rosenthal, Ken S.; Pfaller, Michael A. Medical...

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Yellow fever

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person. Transovarial transmissionial and transstadial transmission of yellow fever virus within A. aegypti, that is, the transmission from a female mosquito...

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Rickettsia rickettsii

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rabbit, during the larval or nymph stages, this mode of transmission is called transstadial transmission. Once a tick becomes infected with this pathogen, they...

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Ticks of domestic animals

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feeding nymphs to infected adult. This is known as transstadial transmission, and no transovarian transmission occurs in this case. The development of Theileria...

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Orientia tsutsugamushi

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process called transovarial transmission, and from the eggs to larvae and adults through the process of transstadial transmission. Thus, the bacterial life...

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Thogotovirus

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organism as it goes through its developmental stages; this is called transstadial transmission. The virus can be transmitted to another host within a day of...

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Elizabethkingia anophelis

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PMID 21169462. Lindh, J.M.; Borg-Karlson, A.-K.; Faye, I. (2008). "Transstadial and horizontal transfer of bacteria within a colony of Anopheles gambiae...

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Soybean vein necrosis orthotospovirus

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development by the thrips. From the larval stage the virus is passed transstadially to the adult stage. Adult thrips are then able via feeding to transmit...

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Lyme disease

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Haemaphysalis concinna and Dermacentor silvarum ticks to acquire and transstadially transmit Borrelia garinii". Experimental and Applied Acarology. 31 (1–2):...

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Aedes triseriatus

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disease in the population through transovaial transmission (passed through mother to offspring), transstadial (across life stages), venereal (between mates)...

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Hyalomma dromedarii

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may vector it between horses. Awad further found it is transmitted transstadially, larva → nymph and nymph → adult, but not vertically. Samish and Pipono...

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