A deep vein thrombosis in the right leg. There is striking redness and swelling.
Specialty
Hematology, pulmonology, cardiology
Frequency
1-2 per 1,000 per year[1]
Venous thrombosis is the blockage of a vein caused by a thrombus (blood clot). A common form of venous thrombosis is deep vein thrombosis (DVT), when a blood clot forms in the deep veins. If a thrombus breaks off (embolizes) and flows to the lungs to lodge there, it becomes a pulmonary embolism (PE), a blood clot in the lungs. The conditions of DVT only, DVT with PE, and PE only, are all captured by the term venous thromboembolism (VTE).[2]
The initial treatment for VTE is typically either low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) or unfractionated heparin, or increasingly with direct acting oral anticoagulants (DOAC). Those initially treated with heparins can be switched to other anticoagulants (warfarin, DOACs), although pregnant women and some people with cancer receive ongoing heparin treatment. Superficial venous thrombosis or phlebitis affects the superficial veins of the upper or lower extremity and only require anticoagulation in specific situations, and may be treated with anti-inflammatory pain relief only.
There are other less common forms of venous thrombosis, some of which can also lead to pulmonary embolism. Venous thromboembolism and superficial vein thrombosis account for about 90% of venous thrombosis. Other rarer forms include retinal vein thrombosis, mesenteric vein thrombosis (affecting veins draining blood from the gastrointestinal organs), cerebral venous sinus thrombosis, renal vein thrombosis, and ovarian vein thrombosis.[3]
^Ortel, TL; Neumann, I; Ageno, W; et al. (13 October 2020). "American Society of Hematology 2020 guidelines for management of venous thromboembolism: treatment of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism". Blood Advances. 4 (19): 4693–4738. doi:10.1182/bloodadvances.2020001830. PMC 7556153. PMID 33007077.
^Heit JA, Spencer FA, White RH (January 2016). "The epidemiology of venous thromboembolism". Journal of Thrombosis and Thrombolysis. 41 (1): 3–14. doi:10.1007/s11239-015-1311-6. PMC 4715842. PMID 26780736.
^Abbattista M, Capecchi M, Martinelli I (January 2020). "Treatment of unusual thrombotic manifestations". Blood. 135 (5): 326–334. doi:10.1182/blood.2019000918. PMID 31917405.
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Thrombosis may occur in veins (venousthrombosis) or in arteries (arterial thrombosis). Venousthrombosis (sometimes called DVT, deep vein thrombosis)...
damaged by previous deep vein thrombosis. Most cases of CVI can be improved with treatments to the superficial venous system or stenting the deep system...
compression. Postphlebitic syndrome is venous insufficiency that develops following deep vein thrombosis. Venousthrombosis is the formation of a thrombus (blood...
needed] Postphlebitic syndrome is venous insufficiency that develops following deep vein thrombosis. Venousthrombosis is the formation of a thrombus (blood...
A central venous catheter (CVC), also known as a central line (c-line), central venous line, or central venous access catheter, is a catheter placed into...
embolism.[citation needed] The risk of deep vein thrombosis can be estimated by Wells score. Lower limbs venous ultrasonography is also indicated in cases of...
mortality) when compared to a deep vein thrombosis (DVT), which occurs deeper in the body at the deep venous system level. However, SVT can lead to serious...
with thrombophilia are deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE), which are referred to collectively as venous thromboembolism (VTE). DVT usually...
Thrombosis prevention or thromboprophylaxis is medical treatment to prevent the development of thrombosis (blood clots inside blood vessels) in those...
Mismetti P, Pichot O, Leizorovicz A (February 2010). "Superficial venousthrombosis and venous thromboembolism: a large, prospective epidemiologic study". Annals...
myocardial infarction), extended periods of inactivity (see deep venousthrombosis), and genetic or disease-related deficiencies in the blood's clotting...
the legs may confirm the diagnosis. Together, deep vein thrombosis and PE are known as venous thromboembolism (VTE). Efforts to prevent PE include beginning...
venous disease, based on venous duplex ultrasound testing." Venous ulcers are wounds that are thought to occur due to improper functioning of venous valves...
stasis are: Venous ulcers Blood clot formation in veins (venousthrombosis), that can occur in the deep veins of the legs (deep vein thrombosis, DVT) or...
of, and guard against further progression of, venous disorders such as edema, phlebitis and thrombosis. Compression stockings are elastic compression...
disease. Aneurysms can also be a nidus (starting point) for clot formation (thrombosis) and embolization. As an aneurysm increases in size, the risk of rupture...
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hypoperfusion (general decrease in blood supply, e.g., in shock) Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis. Stroke without an obvious explanation is termed cryptogenic stroke...
Surgery Workup: Approach Considerations, Tests for Ruling Out Deep VenousThrombosis As Cause, Tests for Demonstrating Reflux". emedicine.medscape.com...
mucosa. Evidence of past variceal hemorrhage includes inflammation and venousthrombosis.[citation needed] In ideal circumstances, people with known varices...
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