This article is about preventing blood clots. For how blood clots form, see Thrombosis. For information on blood clots in the legs, see Deep vein thrombosis.
Thrombosis prevention
A blood clot blocking a blood vessel.
Other names
Thrombosis prophylaxis
ICD-10-PCS
I80-I82
ICD-9-CM
437.6, 453, 671.5, 671.9
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Thrombosis prevention or thromboprophylaxis is medical treatment to prevent the development of thrombosis (blood clots inside blood vessels) in those considered at risk for developing thrombosis.[1] Some people are at a higher risk for the formation of blood clots than others, such as those with cancer undergoing a surgical procedure.[2][3] Prevention measures or interventions are usually begun after surgery as the associated immobility will increase a person's risk.[4]
Blood thinners are used to prevent clots, these blood thinners have different effectiveness and safety profiles. A 2018 systematic review found 20 studies that included 9771 people with cancer. The evidence did not identify any difference between the effects of different blood thinners on death, developing a clot, or bleeding.[2] A 2021 review found that low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) was superior to unfractionated heparin in the initial treatment of venous thromboembolism for people with cancer.[3]
There are medication-based interventions and non-medication-based interventions.[4] The risk of developing blood clots can be lowered by life style modifications, the discontinuation of oral contraceptives, and weight loss. In those at high risk both interventions are often used.[1] The treatments to prevent the formation of blood clots is balanced against the risk of bleeding.[5]
One of the goals of blood clot prevention is to limit venous stasis as this is a significant risk factor for forming blood clots in the deep veins of the legs.[6] Venous stasis can occur during the long periods of not moving. Thrombosis prevention is also recommended during air travel.[7] Thrombosis prophylaxis is effective in preventing the formation of blood clots, their lodging in the veins, and their developing into thromboemboli that can travel through the circulatory system to cause blockage and subsequent tissue death in other organs.[1] Clarence Crafoord is credited with the first use of thrombosis prophylaxis in the 1930s.
^ abcBrunner L (2010). Brunner & Suddarth's textbook of medical-surgical nursing. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 876. ISBN 978-0781785907.
^ abMatar CF, Kahale LA, Hakoum MB, Tsolakian IG, Etxeandia-Ikobaltzeta I, Yosuico VE, et al. (July 2018). "Anticoagulation for perioperative thromboprophylaxis in people with cancer". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2019 (7): CD009447. doi:10.1002/14651858.cd009447.pub3. PMC 6389341. PMID 29993117.
^ abKahale, Lara A.; Matar, Charbel F.; Hakoum, Maram B.; Tsolakian, Ibrahim G.; Yosuico, Victor Ed; Terrenato, Irene; Sperati, Francesca; Barba, Maddalena; Schünemann, Holger; Akl, Elie A. (December 8, 2021). "Anticoagulation for the initial treatment of venous thromboembolism in people with cancer". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2021 (12): CD006649. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD006649.pub8. ISSN 1469-493X. PMC 8653422. PMID 34878173.
^ abRoderick P, Ferris G, Wilson K, Halls H, Jackson D, Collins R, Baigent C (December 2005). "Towards evidence-based guidelines for the prevention of venous thromboembolism: systematic reviews of mechanical methods, oral anticoagulation, dextran and regional anaesthesia as thromboprophylaxis". Health Technology Assessment. 9 (49): iii–iv, ix–x, 1–78. doi:10.3310/hta9490. PMID 16336844.
^Grotta J (2016). Stroke : pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management. Philadelphia: Elsevier. pp. 953–62. ISBN 978-0323295444.
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direct factor Xa inhibitor. Betrixaban is FDA approved for venous thrombosisprevention in adults hospitalized for an acute illness who are at risk for...
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aneurysms, peripheral artery disease, thromboembolic disease, and venous thrombosis. The underlying mechanisms vary depending on the disease. It is estimated...
treatment ends. Compression therapy has been used in deep venous thrombosisprevention, wound care, as well as managing edema. Literature suggests that...
the body's own repair processes. Accompanying pain therapy and thrombosisprevention are performed and the underlying disease is treated. The mortality...
and heparin in many therapeutic settings, including deep venous thrombosis, prevention of secondary venous thromboembolism and complications of atrial...
contraceptives and travelers. The consequences of thrombosis can be heart attacks and strokes. Prevention can include exercise, anti-embolism stockings,...
Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis (ISTH) advances the understanding, prevention, diagnosis and treatment of conditions related to thrombosis and hemostasis...
embolism in people with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) prevention. DVTs may lead to pulmonary embolism (PE) in knee or hip replacement...
Wren SM, et al. (2012). "Prevention of VTE in nonorthopedic surgical patients: antithrombotic therapy and prevention of thrombosis, 9th ed: American College...
"Antiplatelet and Anticoagulant Therapies for Prevention of Ischemic Stroke". Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/Hemostasis. 23 (4): 301–318. doi:10.1177/1076029616660762...
Pump thrombosis (PT) is considered a specific case of a major device malfunction, and is classified as either suspected or confirmed pump thrombus. Typically...
Wang FL (March 2012). "Central venous access sites for the prevention of venous thrombosis, stenosis and infection". The Cochrane Database of Systematic...
awareness of thrombosis among the public and health professionals, and to raise research funds to improve patient care through improved prevention and treatment...
genetics of atherothrombotic disorders: a clinician's view". Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis (Review). 1 (7): 1381–90. doi:10.1046/j.1538-7836.2003...
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