Alphabet that uses letters from the Cyrillic script
Ukrainian alphabet
Українська абетка
Script type
Alphabet
Time period
10th century (Old East Slavic), 15th century (Ruthenian), 18th century (Modern Ukrainian) to present
Official script
Cyrillic
Languages
Ukrainian
Related scripts
Parent systems
Egyptian hieroglyphs[1]
Phoenician alphabet
Greek alphabet (partly Glagolitic alphabet)
Early Cyrillic alphabet
Ukrainian alphabet
Sister systems
Ukrainian Latin Pannonian Rusyn Carpathian Rusyn alphabets Russian Belarusian Bulgarian
ISO 15924
ISO 15924
Cyrl(220), Cyrillic
Unicode
Unicode alias
Cyrillic
Unicode range
Subset of Cyrillic (U+0400 ... U+04FF)
This article contains phonetic transcriptions in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. For the distinction between [ ], / / and ⟨⟩, see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters.
The Ukrainian alphabet (Ukrainian: абе́тка, áзбука or алфа́ві́т, romanized: abetka, azbuka or alfavit) is the set of letters used to write Ukrainian, which is the official language of Ukraine. It is one of several national variations of the Cyrillic script. It comes from the Cyrillic script, which was devised in the 9th century for the first Slavic literary language, called Old Slavonic. In the 10th century, it became used in Kievan Rus' to write Old East Slavic, from which the Belarusian, Russian, Rusyn, and Ukrainian alphabets later evolved. The modern Ukrainian alphabet has 33 letters in total: 21 consonants, 1 semivowel, 10 vowels and 1 palatalization sign. Sometimes the apostrophe (') is also included, which has a phonetic meaning and is a mandatory sign in writing, but is not considered as a letter and is not included in the alphabet.
In Ukrainian, it is called українська абетка (IPA:[ʊkrɐˈjinʲsʲkɐɐˈbɛtkɐ]; tr. ukrainska abetka), from the initial letters а (tr. a) and б (tr. b); алфавіт (tr. alfavit); or, archaically, азбука (tr. azbuka), from the acrophonic early Cyrillic letter names азъ (tr. az) and буки (tr. buki).
Ukrainian text is sometimes romanised (written in the Latin alphabet) for non-Cyrillic readers or transcription systems. There are several common methods for romanizing Ukrainian including the international Cyrillic-to-Latin transcription standard ISO 9. There have also been several historical proposals for a native Ukrainian Latin alphabet, but none have caught on.
^Himelfarb, Elizabeth J. "First Alphabet Found in Egypt", Archaeology 53, Issue 1 (Jan./Feb. 2024): 21.
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