For atoms where muons have replaced one or more electrons, see Muonic atom. For the onium of an electron and an antimuon, see muonium.
In particle physics, true muonium is a theoretically predicted exotic atom representing a bound state of an muon and an antimuon (μ+μ−). The existence of true muonium is well established theoretically within the Standard Model. Its properties within the Standard Model are determined by quantum electrodynamics, and may be modified by physics beyond the Standard Model.
True muonium is yet to be observed experimentally, though it may have been produced in experiments involving collisions of electron and positron beams.[1][2] The ortho-state of true muonium (i.e. the state with parallel alignment of the muon and antimuon spins) is expected to be relatively long-lived (with a lifetime of 1.8×10−12 s), and decay predominantly to an e+e− pair, which makes it possible for LHCb experiment at CERN to observe it with the dataset collected by 2025.[3]
^Brodsky, Stanley J.; Lebed, Richard F. (2009). "Production of the smallest QED atom: True muonium (μ+μ−)". Physical Review Letters. 102 (21): 213401. arXiv:0904.2225. Bibcode:2009PhRvL.102u3401B. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.102.213401. PMID 19519103. S2CID 117517380.
^Lamm, Henry; Lebed, Richard F. (2013). "True Muonium (μ+μ−) on the Light Front". Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics. 41 (12): 125003. arXiv:1311.3245. doi:10.1088/0954-3899/41/12/125003.
^Vidal, Xabier Cid; Ilten, Philip; Plews, Jonathan; Shuve, Brian; Soreq, Yotam (2019). "Discovering true muonium at LHCB". Physical Review D. 100 (5): 053003. arXiv:1904.08458. Bibcode:2019PhRvD.100e3003V. doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.100.053003. S2CID 120410079.
atom. For the onium of an electron and an antimuon, see muonium. In particle physics, truemuonium is a theoretically predicted exotic atom representing...
Muonium (/ˈmjuːoʊniəm/) is an exotic atom made up of an antimuon and an electron, which was discovered in 1960 by Vernon W. Hughes and is given the chemical...
suffix when present), with one exception for "muonium"; a muon–antimuon bound pair is called "truemuonium" to avoid confusion with old nomenclature. Positronium...
e+ ), muonium ( e− μ+ ), and "truemuonium" ( μ− μ+ ). Of these positronium and muonium have been experimentally observed, while "truemuonium" remains...
Unlike muonium, positronium does not have a nucleus analogue, because the electron and the positron have equal masses. Consequently, while muonium tends...
production of a muon–antimuon bound state, which is an onium (called truemuonium), has been theorized. Atoms may be composed of electrons orbiting a hypernucleus...
same magnitude that ordinary hydrogen atoms experience. This would not be true if antimatter has negative gravitational mass, which is considered highly...
produced naturally in certain types of radioactive decay. The opposite is also true: the antiparticle of the positron is the electron. Some particles, such as...
it. If they were to, then what are now called antineutrinos could not be true antiparticles. Cosmic ray neutrino experiments detect neutrinos from space...
observed trajectories of antiparticles are projections on our spacetime of the true trajectories in the inverted spacetime. However, it has been argued on methodological...
other systems, such as positronium (an electron orbiting a positron) and muonium (an electron orbiting an anti-muon) by using the reduced mass of the system...
in years. Hydrogen isotope biogeochemistry Hydrogen-4.1 (Muonic helium) Muonium – acts like an exotic light isotope of hydrogen Media related to Isotopes...
used for the element tennessine: see above) Vi: vinyl Exotic atoms: Mu: muonium Pn: protonium Ps: positronium Hazard pictographs are another type of symbols...
moderating solid. The same 1986 paper also reported the observation of negative muonium ions (i.e., Mu− or μ+ e− e−) in vacuum. In 1987, the slow μ+ production...
phases: Expanding vacuum state with high potential energy Phase transition to true vacuum Slow roll and reheating In quantum field theory, a vacuum state or...
ISBN 978-0-521-62196-0. M. Riordan (1987). The Hunting of the Quark: A True Story of Modern Physics. Simon & Schuster. p. 210. ISBN 978-0-671-50466-3...
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