Imbalance of matter and antimatter in the observable universe
Not to be confused with Missing baryon problem.
Antimatter
Antiparticles
Positron
Antiproton
Antineutron
Antihydrogen
Antihelium
Onia
Antiprotonic hydrogen
Antiprotonic helium
Muonium
True muonium
Pionium
Positronium
Quarkonium
Concepts and phenomena
Annihilation
Baryogenesis
Baryon asymmetry
Comet
CP violation
Gravitational interaction
Positron emission
Devices
Cloud chamber
Particle accelerator
Antiproton decelerator
Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider
Penning trap
Uses
Positron emission tomography
Fuel
Weapon
People and bodies
Carl David Anderson
Paul Dirac
Andrei Sakharov
CERN
v
t
e
Unsolved problem in physics:
What is the source of imbalance of matter and antimatter? This refers
to the small non-zero value of baryons over photons (≈ 5
−10) in the current Universe
(more unsolved problems in physics)
In physical cosmology, the baryon asymmetry problem, also known as the matter asymmetry problem or the matter–antimatter asymmetry problem,[1][2] is the observed imbalance in baryonic matter (the type of matter experienced in everyday life) and antibaryonic matter in the observable universe. Neither the standard model of particle physics nor the theory of general relativity provides a known explanation for why this should be so, and it is a natural assumption that the universe is neutral with all conserved charges.[3] The Big Bang should have produced equal amounts of matter and antimatter. Since this does not seem to have been the case, it is likely some physical laws must have acted differently or did not exist for matter and/or antimatter. Several competing hypotheses exist to explain the imbalance of matter and antimatter that resulted in baryogenesis. However, there is as of yet no consensus theory to explain the phenomenon, which has been described as "one of the great mysteries in physics".[4]
^"The matter-antimatter asymmetry problem". CERN. Retrieved April 3, 2018.
^Sather, Eric. "The Mystery of the Matter Asymmetry" (PDF). Vanderbilt University. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 4, 2018. Retrieved April 3, 2018.
^Sarkar, Utpal (2007). Particle and astroparticle physics. CRC Press. p. 429. ISBN 978-1-58488-931-1.
^Cite error: The named reference MatterAndAntimatterInTheUniverse was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
value of baryons over photons (≈ 5 −10) in the current Universe (more unsolved problems in physics) In physical cosmology, the baryonasymmetry problem...
overwhelmingly matter as opposed to anti-matter. This asymmetry is called the baryonasymmetry of the universe. Isospin is the symmetry transformation...
antimatter that allowed this to occur is an unexplained effect known as baryonasymmetry. These primordial elements—mostly hydrogen, with some helium and lithium—later...
place during the early universe to produce baryonic asymmetry, i.e. the imbalance of matter (baryons) and antimatter (antibaryons) in the observed universe...
more matter than antimatter in the observable universe, known as the baryonasymmetry problem. Antihydrogen is produced artificially in particle accelerators...
S2CID 119230032. A. D. Sakharov (1967). "Violation of CP invariance, C asymmetry, and baryonasymmetry of the universe". Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics...
Baryogenesis, the generation of a baryon–antibaryon asymmetry, and leptogenesis can be connected by processes that convert baryon number and lepton number into...
reversal symmetry CP violations Quantum field theory Baryogenesis, baryonasymmetry, and Leptogenesis One-electron universe Paul Dirac "The Nobel Prize...
detectable remaining antimatter, is called baryonasymmetry. The exact mechanism that produced this asymmetry during baryogenesis remains an unsolved problem...
of fundamental interactions. For example, it does not fully explain baryonasymmetry, incorporate the full theory of gravitation as described by general...
any baryon (particle consisting of three quarks) and any antibaryon consisting of three antiquarks, one of which corresponds to a quark in the baryon. (This...
energy from hydrogen. The events in the early universe leading to baryonasymmetry predate the formation of atoms (including exotic varieties such as...
matter, and absence of detectable remaining antimatter, also called baryonasymmetry, is attributed to CP-violation: a violation of the CP-symmetry relating...
same mass as the neutron, and no net electric charge, but has opposite baryon number (+1 for neutron, −1 for the antineutron). This is because the antineutron...
Sakharov, A. D. (January 1967). "Violation of CP invariance, C asymmetry, and baryonasymmetry of the universe" (PDF). JETP Letters. 5 (1): 24–26. Bibcode:1967JETPL...
would wipe out any baryonasymmetry as it is created, while in a first-order phase transition, sphalerons would wipe out baryonasymmetry only in the unbroken...
the amounts of matter and antimatter – which possibly resolves the baryonasymmetry problem. In supersymmetric theories the axion has both a scalar and...
of matter at very high energies. An unknown state has created the baryonasymmetry in the universe, but little is known about it. In string theory, a...
matched the excess of protons over antiprotons, in a condition known as baryonasymmetry, resulting in a net charge of zero for the universe. The surviving...
but in the same phase (both are gases). Unsolved problem in physics: Baryonasymmetry. Why is there far more matter than antimatter in the observable universe...
accelerators measure too small a violation of CP-symmetry to account for the baryonasymmetry. Cosmologists and particle physicists look for additional violations...
total intensity, polarization and gravitational lensing observations with Baryon-Acoustic oscillation measurements from galaxy surveys and supernova measurements...
suggests asymmetries under which these conditions would be met, but these asymmetries appear to be too small to account for the observed baryon-antibaryon...
live in one of the pockets that was mostly baryons rather than antibaryons, explaining the baryonasymmetry. The pockets, or bubbles, of matter or antimatter...
infinite? Baryonasymmetry: Why is there far more matter than antimatter in the observable universe? (This may be solved due to the apparent asymmetry in...
observed size of the baryonasymmetry either, and that their weakless universe model only focuses on the time where the asymmetry already exists. Harnik...
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