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Trihalomethane information


In chemistry, trihalomethanes (THMs) are chemical compounds in which three of the four hydrogen atoms of methane (CH4) are replaced by halogen atoms. Trihalomethanes with all the same halogen atoms are called haloforms. Many trihalomethanes find uses in industry as solvents or refrigerants. Some THMs are also environmental pollutants, and few are considered carcinogenic.

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Trihalomethane

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In chemistry, trihalomethanes (THMs) are chemical compounds in which three of the four hydrogen atoms of methane (CH4) are replaced by halogen atoms....

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Chloroform

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large scale as a precursor to refrigerants and PTFE. Chloroform is a trihalomethane that serves as a powerful anesthetic, euphoriant, anxiolytic, and sedative...

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Dibromochloromethane

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yellow, heavy and nonflammable compound with formula CHBr 2Cl. It is a trihalomethane. The substance has a sweet odour. Small quantities of dibromochloromethane...

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Chlorine dioxide

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water impurities that would otherwise produce trihalomethanes upon exposure to free chlorine. Trihalomethanes are suspected carcinogenic disinfection by-products...

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Ozone

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Treatability Database". Sorlini, Sabrina; Collivignarelli, Carlo (2005). "Trihalomethane formation during chemical oxidation with chlorine, chlorine dioxide...

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Moringa oleifera

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"The impact of Moringa oleifera as a coagulant aid on the removal of trihalomethane (THM) precursors and iron from drinking water". Water Science and Technology:...

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Bromoform

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bromoform enter the environment formed as disinfection byproducts known as trihalomethanes when chlorine is added to drinking water to kill bacteria. It is somewhat...

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Bromodichloromethane

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Bromodichloromethane is a trihalomethane with formula CHBrCl2. Bromodichloromethane has formerly been used as a flame retardant, and a solvent for fats...

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Dichloroiodomethane

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Dichloroiodomethane (DCIM) is a trihalomethane with the chemical formula CHCl2I. It is a heavy, nonflammable, transparent pale yellow liquid with a chloroform-like...

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Salt water chlorination

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present in traditional pools. Of highest concern are haloketones and trihalomethanes (THMs) of those the predominant form being bromoform. Very high levels...

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Chloral hydrate

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Masatoshi; Terao, Yoshiyasu (2003). "A Problem in the Determination of Trihalomethane by Headspace-Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry" (PDF). Journal of...

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Methane

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replacement of additional hydrogen atoms by halogen atoms with dihalomethane, trihalomethane, and ultimately, tetrahalomethane structures, depending upon reaction...

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Bromodifluoromethane

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Bromodifluoromethane or Halon 1201 or FC-22B1 is a gaseous trihalomethane or a hydrobromofluorocarbon. It can be prepared through the reaction of hydrogen...

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Tetrahalomethane

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bromine-substituted halomethanes were used as refrigerants, commonly known as CFCs (chlorofluorocarbons). Monohalomethane Dihalomethane Trihalomethane...

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Lignin

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"Microbial degradation of plant leachate alters lignin phenols and trihalomethane precursors". Journal of Environmental Quality. 39 (3): 946–954. doi:10...

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Elimination reaction

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α-elimination to form a carbene can sometimes occur. In particular: (1) Trihalomethanes like chloroform can react with NaOH to form dihalocarbenes (substitution...

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Water chlorination

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by-products (DBPs). The most common DBPs are trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetic acids (HAAs). Trihalomethanes are the main disinfectant by-products created...

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Tap water

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organic matter, this may produce other byproducts in the water such as trihalomethanes and haloacetic acids, which has shown to increase the risk of cancer...

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Flint water crisis

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bacteria from the Flint River. This is likely the cause of a spike in trihalomethanes, unsafe chlorine byproducts, in one of eight water locations. Long-term...

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THM

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metal in a nuclear power plant Ton of hot metal in the steel industry Trihalomethanes in chemistry Therm, a unit of heat energy Technische Hochschule...

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Sewage

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Sewage contains environmental persistent pharmaceutical pollutants. Trihalomethanes can also be present as a result of past disinfection. Sewage may contain...

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Bromochlorofluoromethane

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Bromochlorofluoromethane or fluorochlorobromomethane, is a chemical compound and trihalomethane derivative with the chemical formula CHBrClF. As one of the simplest...

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NEWater

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Sulphate (SO4) <5 250/250 Residual Chlorine (Cl, Total) <2 4/5 Total Trihalomethanes (as mg/L) <0.08 0.08/- C) Metals (mg/L) Aluminum <0.1 0.05–0.2/0.2...

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Haloacetic acids

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C; Proulx, F (2006). "Effects of indoor drinking water handling on trihalomethanes and haloacetic acids". Water Res. 40 (15): 2921–30. doi:10.1016/j.watres...

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Sodium chlorite

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application, as compared to the more commonly used chlorine, is that trihalomethanes (such as chloroform) are not produced from organic contaminants.: 25...

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Trihalide

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single atom or compound. An example of a trihalide is chloroform. The trihalomethanes are the simplest trihalides, because only one hydrogen is connected...

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Camp Lejeune water contamination

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water at Camp Lejeune". In 1980, the base began testing the water for trihalomethanes in response to new regulations from the Environmental Protection Agency...

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Rick Snyder

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source of drinking water for the city to the Flint River, which has trihalomethanes (TTHM) in it. It was later discovered that the water was too corrosive...

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