"Yizhu" redirects here. For rural township in Chiayi County, Taiwan, see Yizhu, Chiayi.
Xianfeng Emperor 咸豐帝
Emperor of the Qing dynasty
Reign
9 March 1850 – 22 August 1861
Predecessor
Daoguang Emperor
Successor
Tongzhi Emperor
Born
(1831-07-17)17 July 1831 (9th day of the 6th month of the 11th year of the Dao'guang era) Chengjing Studio, Old Summer Palace, Beijing, Qing dynasty
Died
22 August 1861(1861-08-22) (aged 30) (17th day of the 7th month of the 11th year of the Xian'feng era) Yanbozhishuang Hall, Chengde Mountain Resort, Hebei, Qing dynasty
Burial
Ding Mausoleum, Eastern Qing tombs
Spouses
Lady Sakda, Empress Xiaodexian
(m. 1848; died 1850)
Lady Niohuru, Empress Xiaozhenxian
(m. 1852)
Lady Yehe Nara, Empress Xiaoqinxian
(m. 1852)
Issue
Tongzhi Emperor Princess Rong'an of the First Rank
Names
Aisin Gioro Yizhu (愛新覺羅·奕詝) Manchu: I ju (ᡳ ᠵᡠ)
Era dates
Xianfeng (咸豐): 1 February 1851 – 29 January 1862 Manchu: Gubci elgiyengge (ᡤᡠᠪᠴᡳ ᡝᠯᡤᡳᠶᡝᠩᡤᡝ) Mongolian: Түгээмэл Элбэгт (ᠲᠦᠭᠡᠮᠡᠯ ᠡᠯᠪᠡᠭᠲᠦ)
This article contains Manchu text. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Manchu alphabet.
The Xianfeng Emperor (17 July 1831 – 22 August 1861), also known by his temple name Emperor Wenzong of Qing, personal name Yizhu, was the eighth emperor of the Qing dynasty, and the seventh Qing emperor to rule over China proper, reigned from 1850 to 1861. During his reign, the Qing dynasty experienced several wars and rebellions including the Taiping Rebellion, Nian Rebellion, and Second Opium War. He was the last Chinese emperor to exercise sole power.
The fourth son of the Daoguang Emperor, Xianfeng assumed the throne in 1850 and inherited an empire in crisis. A few months after his ascension, the Taiping Rebellion rebellion broke out in southern China, which rapidly spread and culminated in the fall of Nanjing in 1853. Contemporaneously, the Nian Rebellion began in the north, followed by ethnic uprisings (the Miao Rebellion and the Panthay Rebellion) in the south. The revolts ravaged large parts of the country, caused millions of deaths and would not be quelled until well into the reign of Xianfeng's successor. Qing defeat during the first phase of the Second Opium War led to the 1858 Treaty of Tientsin and Treaty of Aigun, the latter of which resulted in the cession of much of Manchuria to the Russian Empire. Negotiations broke down and hostilities resumed soon after, and in 1860 Anglo-French forces entered Beijing and burned the Old Summer Palace. The emperor was forced to flee for the imperial resort at Jehol, and the Convention of Peking was negotiated in his absence.
Xianfeng's health was already in rapid decline in the face of mounting Qing losses. He died in 1861 in Jehol at the age of 30 and was succeeded by his surviving six-year-old son, who assumed the throne as the Tongzhi Emperor. On his deathbed, Xianfeng appointed eight men to a regency council to assist his young successor. A few months later, Empress Dowagers Cixi and Ci'an along with Prince Gong instigated the Xinyou Coup and ousted the regents. Cixi ultimately rose to sole power and consolidated control over the Qing government.
XianfengEmperor (17 July 1831 – 22 August 1861), also known by his temple name Emperor Wenzong of Qing, personal name Yizhu, was the eighth emperor of...
unsuccessful modernization program. The only surviving son of the XianfengEmperor, Tongzhi ascended the throne at the age of five under a regency headed...
as a concubine of the XianfengEmperor in her adolescence, she gave birth to a son, Zaichun, in 1856. After the XianfengEmperor's death in 1861, his five-year-old...
XianfengEmperor (r. 1850–1861). She assured her opponents that as soon as the new emperor had a son, he would be adopted into the Tongzhi Emperor's line...
eldest surviving son, Yizhu, who was later enthroned as the XianfengEmperor. The Daoguang Emperor failed to understand the intention or determination of the...
the Daoguang Emperor as a potential heir. However, his older half-brother Yizhu eventually inherited the throne as the XianfengEmperor. During the Second...
the Manchu Bordered Yellow Banner Sakda clan, was a consort of the XianfengEmperor. Empress Xiaodexian's personal name was not recorded in history. Her...
The XianfengEmperor had eighteen consorts, including three empresses, two imperial noble consorts, two noble consorts, four consorts, four concubines...
Xianfeng may refer to: Look up Xianfeng in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. XianfengEmperor (1831–1861, reigned 1850–1861), Qing dynasty emperor Xianfeng...
Mianning, the Daoguang Emperor. She was honoured as Empress Dowager Kangci during the reign of her step-son, Yizhu, the XianfengEmperor. She was the only...
and successor to his late uncle, the XianfengEmperor, rather than his cousin and predecessor, the Tongzhi Emperor, so as to maintain the father-son succession...
Dowager Cixi, entered the Forbidden City and became a consort of the XianfengEmperor. By 1857, this lady was styled "Noble Consort Yi". Wishing to strengthen...
Yuan dynasty between 1328 and 1329 and again between 1329 and 1332 XianfengEmperor (1831-1861), born Yizhu, of the Qing dynasty, who served between 1850...
Prince Gong to seize power after the death of the XianfengEmperor in 1861. On his deathbed, the emperor had appointed a group of eight regents, led by Sushun...
was one of the eight regents appointed by the XianfengEmperor to assist his successor, the Tongzhi Emperor. Zaiyuan was born in the Aisin Gioro clan as...
as a concubine to the XianfengEmperor (r. 1850–1861) and came to power in 1861 after her five-year-old son, the Tongzhi Emperor ascended the throne. She...
Daoguang Emperor and a younger half-brother of the XianfengEmperor. The XianfengEmperor was succeeded by his only son, who became the Tongzhi Emperor (r....
1890), of the Manchu Plain Yellow Banner Xu clan, was a consort of XianfengEmperor. Noble Consort Wen was a Manchurian Booi Aha of the Plain Yellow Banner...
the Forbidden City and instead burn down the Old Summer Palace. The XianfengEmperor eventually agreed to let Western powers barrack troops – and later...
hawkish ministers prevailed upon the XianfengEmperor to resist Western encroachment. On 2 June 1858, the XianfengEmperor ordered the Mongol general Sengge...
rebels. In 1861, around the time of the death of the XianfengEmperor and ascension of the Tongzhi Emperor, Zeng Guofan's Xiang Army captured Anqing with help...
(1837-1881), Noble Consort Zhen to the XianfengEmperor of the Qing Dynasty Empress Zhen (Liao dynasty) (died 951), wife of Emperor Shizong of Liao Zhēn(砧 or 碪)...
In January 1860, the XianfengEmperor further elevated Yikuang to the status of a beile. In October 1872, after the Tongzhi Emperor married Empress Xiaozheyi...
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