Inspection of Trawnikimänner (some of them still wearing Soviet Budenovkas) by SS-Hauptsturmführer Karl Streibel (center) at the SS Trawniki training division. As Hiwis, they were tasked with liquidating Nazi-era Jewish ghettos in occupied Poland
Active
Founded in 1941
Country
German-occupied Poland
Allegiance
Nazi Germany, the SS
Branch
Totenkopfverbände
Type
Paramilitary police reserve
Role
Logistical support for Order Police battalions and the SS during Operation Reinhard; shooting actions, deportations to death camps
Size
Over 5,000 Hiwis
Military unit
During World War II, Trawniki men ([travˈniki]; German: Trawnikimänner) were Central and Eastern European Nazi collaborators, consisting of either volunteers or recruits from prisoner-of-war camps set up by Nazi Germany for Soviet Red Army soldiers captured in the border regions during Operation Barbarossa launched in June 1941. Thousands of these volunteers served in the General Government territory of German-occupied Poland until the end of World War II. Trawnikis belonged to a category of Hiwis (German abbreviation for Hilfswilliger, literally "those willing to help"), Nazi auxiliary forces recruited from native subjects serving in various jobs such as concentration camp guards.[1][2]
Between September 1941 and September 1942, the German SS and police trained 2,500 Trawniki men known as Hiwi Wachmänner (guards) at the special training camp at Trawniki outside of Lublin; by the end of 1944, 5,082 men were on active duty.[1]Trawnikimänner were organized by Streibel into two SS Sonderdienst battalions. Some 1,000 Hiwis are known to have run away during field operations.[3]: 366 Although the majority of Trawniki men or Hiwis came from among the prisoners of war, there were also Volksdeutsche from Eastern Europe among them,[4][5] valued because of their ability to speak Russian, Ukrainian and other languages of the occupied territories. All the officers at the Trawniki camp were Reichsdeutsche (citizens of the German Reich), and most of the squad commanders were Volksdeutsche (people whose language and culture had German origins but who did not hold German citizenship).[5] The conscripted civilians and former Soviet POWs included Armenians, Azerbaijanis, Belarusians, Estonians, Georgians, Latvians, Lithuanians, Russians, Tatars, and Ukrainians.[6] The Trawnikis took a major part in Operation Reinhard, the Nazi plan to exterminate Jews. They also served at extermination camps and played an important role in the annihilation of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising (see the Stroop Report), among others.
^ abCite error: The named reference USHMM1 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Browning 1998, p. 52.
^David Bankir, ed. (2006). Police Auxiliaries for Operation Reinhard by Peter R. Black(Google Books). Enigma Books. pp. 331–348. ISBN 192963160X. Retrieved July 12, 2014. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
^Gregory Procknow (2011). Recruiting and Training Genocidal Soldiers. Francis & Bernard Publishing. p. 35. ISBN 978-0986837401..
^ abYitzhak Arad (1987). Belzec, Sobibor, Treblinka: The Operation Reinhard Death Camps. Indiana University Press. p. 21. ISBN 0253342937.
^Cite error: The named reference Kudryashov, Sergei pages 226-239 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
During World War II, Trawnikimen ([travˈniki]; German: Trawnikimänner) were Central and Eastern European Nazi collaborators, consisting of either volunteers...
The Trawniki concentration camp was set up by Nazi Germany in the village of Trawniki about 40 kilometres (25 mi) southeast of Lublin during the occupation...
camps required the labor of less than 3,000 Jewish prisoners, 1,000 Trawnikimen (largely Ukrainian auxiliaries), and very few German guards. About half...
others were recruited by the SS to engage in genocide. For example, the Trawnikimen were recruited from prisoner of war camps; largely ethnic Ukrainians...
executioners. The Soviet Union conducted trials in the 1960s of former Trawnikimen, mostly Ukrainian Soviet POWs who had trained for the Nazis and worked...
These figures did not include Jewish collaborators but did include the "Trawnikimen" and Polish police under his command. Other sources have questioned the...
Trawniki [travˈniki] is a village in Świdnik County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland. It is the seat of the present-day gmina (administrative district)...
3 April 1920 – 17 March 2012) was a Ukrainian-American who served as a Trawniki man and Nazi camp guard at Sobibor extermination camp, Majdanek, and Flossenbürg...
Erntefest) was the murder of up to 43,000 Jews at the Majdanek, Poniatowa and Trawniki concentration camps by the SS, the Order Police battalions, and the Ukrainian...
Totenkopfverbände (SS-TV) Einsatzgruppen Sturmabteilung (SA) Verfügungstruppe (SS-VT) Wehrmacht Trawnikimen Collaborators during World War II Nazi ideologues...
October 1903 – 5 August 1986) was the second and last commander of the Trawniki concentration camp – one of the subcamps of the KL Lublin system of Nazi...
leading member of the Nazi Party of Germany, and one of the most powerful men in Nazi Germany, primarily known for being a main architect of the Holocaust...
locations by the Reserve Police Battalion 101 hand-in-hand with the Trawnikimen from Ukraine. Auschwitz alone had enough capacity to fulfill the Nazis'...
training, such as the Trawnikimen (German: Trawnikimänner) deployed at all major killing sites of the "Final Solution". Many of those men did not know German...
May 1942), and Treblinka (operational by July 1942), with squads of Trawnikimen (Eastern European collaborators) overseeing hundreds of Sonderkommando...
effective. The majority of defectors and collaborators escaped prosecution. Trawnikimen were typically sentenced to between 10 and 25 years in a Gulag labor...
adherents follow this advice. In 1981, members of the Federation of Jewish Men's Clubs FJMC, a branch of the mainstream Conservative/Masorti movement, created...
Totenkopfverbände (SS-TV) Einsatzgruppen Sturmabteilung (SA) Verfügungstruppe (SS-VT) Wehrmacht Trawnikimen Collaborators during World War II Nazi ideologues...
with the phrase "Judeo-Banderite" on it went viral. Hiwi (volunteer) Trawnikimen From page 76: Berlin hoped to form a Ukrainian National Committee with...
from Auschwitz-Birkenau. Managed by the German SS with assistance from Trawniki guards – recruited from among Soviet POWs to serve with the Germans – the...
bureaucratic, state-sponsored persecution and murder of six million Jewish men, women and children by the Nazi regime and its collaborators". While the...
Totenkopfverbände (SS-TV) Einsatzgruppen Sturmabteilung (SA) Verfügungstruppe (SS-VT) Wehrmacht Trawnikimen Collaborators during World War II Nazi ideologues...
SS at a special Trawniki training camp to assist with the Final Solution. Another 1,000 defected during field operations. Trawnikimen took a major part...
murdered nearly all of the remaining inmates, most of them ill, elderly men, women and children, in the gas chambers of Birkenau. At least 19,000 of...
the extent of the operation would be concealed as long as possible. Trawnikimen (Trawnikimänner) made up of Soviet prisoners-of-war or Polish Blue Police...
24 April 2020. Cenziper, Debbie (23 January 2020). "The Nazis and the TrawnikiMen". The Washington Post. Retrieved 24 April 2020. "Johann Riß". trauer-im-allgaeu...
Global Information
Nazi Germany, the SS
Totenkopfverbände