Global InformationHeinrich Himmler information
Reichsleiter Heinrich Himmler | |
|---|---|
 Himmler in 1942 | |
| 4th Reichsführer-SS | |
| In office 6 January 1929 – 29 April 1945 | |
| Deputy | Reinhard Heydrich |
| Preceded by | Erhard Heiden |
| Succeeded by | Karl Hanke |
| Chief of the German Police | |
| In office 17 June 1936 – 29 April 1945 | |
| Preceded by | Office established |
| Succeeded by | Karl Hanke |
| Reichsminister of the Interior | |
| In office 24 August 1943 – 29 April 1945 | |
| Chancellor | Adolf Hitler |
| Preceded by | Wilhelm Frick |
| Succeeded by | Paul Giesler |
| General Plenipotentiary for Administration of the Reich | |
| In office 20 August 1943 – 29 April 1945 | |
| Appointed by | Adolf Hitler |
| Preceded by | Wilhelm Frick |
| Succeeded by | Office abolished |
| Additional positions | |
| January—March 1945 | Commander of Army Group Vistula |
| 1944—1945 | Commander of the Replacement Army |
| 1944–1945 | Commander of Army Group Upper Rhine |
| 1942–1943 | Acting Director of the Reich Security Main Office |
| 1939–1945 | Reich Commissioner for the Consolidation of German Nationhood |
| 1933–1945 | Member of the Prussian State Council |
| 1933–1945 | Reichsleiter of the Nazi Party |
| 1933—1945 | Member of the Greater German Reichstag |
| 1930–1933 | Member of the Reichstag |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Heinrich Luitpold Himmler 7 October 1900[1] Munich, Kingdom of Bavaria, German Empire |
| Died | 23 May 1945 (aged 44) Lüneburg, Germany |
| Cause of death | Suicide by cyanide poisoning |
| Political party | Nazi Party (1923–1945) |
| Other political affiliations | Bavarian People's Party (1919–1923) |
| Spouse |
Margarete Boden (m. 1928) |
| Domestic partner | Hedwig Potthast (1939–1944) |
| Children |
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| Relatives |
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| Education | Technical University of Munich |
| Signature |  |
| Military service | |
| Allegiance |
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| Branch/service |
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| Years of service | 1917–1918 (Army) 1925–1945 (SS) |
| Rank |
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| Unit | 11th Bavarian Infantry Regiment |
| Commands | Army Group Upper Rhine Army Group Vistula Replacement (Home) Army |
| Battles/wars | World War II |
Heinrich Luitpold Himmler (German: [ˈhaɪnʁɪç ˈluːɪtpɔlt ˈhɪmlɐ] ⓘ; 7 October 1900 – 23 May 1945) was a German politician who was the 4th Reichsführer of the Schutzstaffel (Protection Squadron; SS), a leading member of the Nazi Party of Germany, and one of the most powerful men in Nazi Germany, primarily known for being a main architect of the Holocaust.
As a member of a reserve battalion during the First World War, Himmler did not see active service or combat. He joined the Nazi Party in 1923 and the SS in 1925, and in 1929 Adolf Hitler appointed him Reichsführer-SS. Over the next sixteen years, Himmler developed the SS from a 290-man battalion into a million-strong paramilitary group. He was known for good organisational skills and for selecting highly competent subordinates, such as Reinhard Heydrich in 1931. From 1943 onwards, he was both Chief of the Kriminalpolizei (Criminal Police) and Minister of the Interior, overseeing all internal and external police and security forces, including the Gestapo (Secret State Police). He also controlled the Waffen-SS, the military branch of the SS.
Himmler's interest in occultism and Völkisch topics influenced the development of the racial policy of Nazi Germany, and he also incorporated esoteric symbolism and rituals into the SS. He was the principal overseer of Nazi Germany's genocidal programs, forming the Einsatzgruppen and administering extermination camps. In this capacity, Himmler directed the killing of some six million Jews, between 200,000 and 500,000 Romani people, and other victims. A day before the launch of Operation Barbarossa, Himmler commissioned the drafting of Generalplan Ost, which was approved by Hitler in May 1942 and implemented by the Nazi regime, killing approximately 14 million people, mostly Polish and Soviet citizens.
Late in the Second World War, Hitler briefly appointed Himmler as military commander and later Commander of the Replacement (Home) Army and General Plenipotentiary for the administration of the entire Third Reich (Generalbevollmächtigter für die Verwaltung). Specifically, he was given command of the Army Group Upper Rhine and the Army Group Vistula. After Himmler failed to achieve his assigned objectives, Hitler replaced him in these posts. Realising the war was lost, Himmler attempted to open peace talks with the western Allies without Hitler's knowledge, shortly before the end of the war. Hitler learned of this, dismissed him from all his posts in April 1945, and ordered his arrest. Himmler attempted to go into hiding but was detained and arrested by British forces and died by suicide in British custody on 23 May 1945.
- ^ Manvell & Fraenkel 2007, p. 13.