A Tukulor man and woman (1853 David Boilat painting)
Total population
1 million (2010)[1]
Regions with significant populations
Senegal The Gambia Mali Mauritania
Languages
Pulaar and French
Religion
Islam
Related ethnic groups
Serer, Wolof, Fula
The Toucouleur people or Tukulor people (Arabic: توكولور, French: Toucouleur), also called Haalpulaar (Ajami: هَالْݒُلَارْ, Adlam: 𞤖𞤢𞥄𞤤𞤨𞤵𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤪), are a West African ethnic group native to the Futa Toro region of Senegal. There are smaller communities in Mali and Mauritania.[1] The Toucouleur were Islamized in the 11th century; their early and strong Islamic heritage, which is seen as a defining feature, is a "matter of great pride for them".[1][2] They were among the first Muslims in the area that became Senegal.[3] They were influential in the spread of Islam to West Africa in the medieval era.
They founded the vast Toucouleur Empire in the 19th century under Omar Saidou Tall who led a religious war against the neighboring ethnic groups and the French colonial forces.[2][4]
The Toucouleur are traditionally sedentary, settled primarily in the Senegal River valley, with farming, fishing and raising cattle as their main activities. The Toucouleur society has been patrilineal, polygynous and with high social stratification that included slavery and caste system.[1][2][5] There are an estimated 1 million Toucouleur people in West Africa.[1]
^ abcdeAnthony Appiah; Henry Louis Gates (2010). Encyclopedia of Africa. Oxford University Press. pp. 500–501. ISBN 978-0-19-533770-9.
^ abcTukulor, Encyclopædia Britannica
^Trillo, Richard; Hudgens, Jim (November 1995). West Africa: The Rough Guide. Rough Guides (2nd ed.). London: The Rough Guides. p. 144. ISBN 978-1-85828-101-8.
^Wendy Doniger (1999). Merriam-Webster's Encyclopedia of World Religions. Merriam-Webster. p. 1116. ISBN 978-0-87779-044-0.
^Tal Tamari (1991). "The Development of Caste Systems in West Africa". The Journal of African History. 32 (2). Cambridge University Press: 221–250. doi:10.1017/s0021853700025718. JSTOR 182616. S2CID 162509491., Quote: "Endogamous artisan and musician groups are characteristic of over fifteen West African peoples, including the Manding, Soninke, Wolof, Serer, Fulani, Tukulor, Songhay, Dogon, Senufo, Minianka, Moors, and Tuareg."
mid-nineteenth century founded by Elhadj Oumar Foutiyou Tall of the Toucouleurpeople of Senegal. Omar Tall returned from the Hajj in 1836 with the titles...
are often the ethnonyms by which Fulani people are identified by in parts of Chad and Sudan. The Toucouleurpeople of the central Senegal River valley speak...
Fula language spoken primarily as a first language by the Fula and Toucouleurpeoples in the Senegal River valley area traditionally known as Futa Tooro...
Toucouleur may be: Toucouleur Empire ToucouleurpeopleToucouleur language This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Toucouleur...
the region within 5 AU of Sirius A had not been covered. Fula peopleToucouleurpeople Jobawa Sullubawa "Mali". www.cia.gov/. Retrieved 19 November 2020...
inherited. The Toucouleur castes have been endogamous, segregated and intermarriage has been rare. The clerics among Toucouleur like the Wolof people formed a...
legends on they being part of, or related to the Toucouleurpeople in the Senegal River valley area. Serer people resisted Islamization and later Wolofization...
The Wolof people (UK: /ˈwoʊlɒf/) are a West African ethnic group found in northwestern Senegal, the Gambia, and southwestern coastal Mauritania. In Senegal...
Fula people ("Fulani", Fula: Fulɓe) from the Senegambia region and Guinea to Cameroon, Nigeria, and Sudan and by related groups such as the Toucouleur people...
Casamance region in the 14th century, assimilating the previous Bainuk people and their rice tradition. In colonial times, the Jola began to cultivate...
such as the Fulani, Soninke, Wolof, Serer and Toucouleurpeople, along with Arab-Berber Maghrebi people such as the Tuareg; Cape Verde is an island country...
however, it was gradually replaced by Futa Toro.: 29 Serer people Fula peopleToucouleurpeople Serer ancient history States headed by Serer Lamanes Timeline...
unusual downward-pointing star as symbolizing the Holy Spirit descending on people. Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa and others perpetuated the popularity of the...
with baobab trees. Matam is populated by the tall Pulaar-speaking Toucouleurpeople who brought Islam to Senegal in the 11th century and gave us the music...
in and displaced the native population of the Tagant Plateau, the Toucouleurpeople, who now inhabit Futa Toro along the Senegal river.: 17, 50 The Tartega...
name from Bang julo, the Mandinka word for rope fibre that the Mandinka people gathered on the island.[citation needed] In 1651, Banjul was leased by the...
Wolof, Halpulaar [speakers of the Pulaar language i.e. the Fula and Toucouleurpeople] or Mandinka polities surrounding it on all sides... As practices...
instead of the green star." Niasse himself stated ""Only the Senegalese people is sovereign to decide any modification of the symbols of our Republic"...
that is also played in the Gambia. It is associated with Wolof and Serer people. The drum is generally played with one hand and one stick. Among its most...
of the Pulaar language in Senegal and the Gambia such as Fula and Toucouleurpeople]. According to the historian David Galvan, "The oral historical record...
Possible candidates are the ancestors of the Jola people or the Wolof but some believe that the Serer people are the builders. This hypothesis comes from the...
The average population density for the country is 68 people per square kilometer (180 people/sq mi). French is the official language but is used regularly...
People seek advice from them to obtain any form of good fortune and luck. The local herbalists/marabout make these Juju waistbands to protect people from...
convert his subjects, who are now referred to as Tukulors or the Toucouleurpeople, in the first attempt to convert an entire region in this area. Other...
Pulaar language in Senegal and the Gambia such as Fula people and Toucouleurpeople]. Serer people Roog (Serer deity) Serer religion Lamane States headed...
Palors are a member of the Cangin people (those who speak the Cangin languages) and a sub-group of the Serer people. In their oral history, the Palor...
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