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The Fula, Fulani, or Fulɓe people[a] is an ethnic group in Sahara, Sahel and West Africa, widely dispersed across the region.[22] Inhabiting many countries, they live mainly in West Africa and northern parts of Central Africa, South Sudan, Darfur, and regions near the Red Sea coast in Sudan. The approximate number of Fula people is unknown, due to clashing definitions regarding Fula ethnicity. Various estimates put the figure between 25[23][24] and 40 million people worldwide.[25]
A significant proportion of the Fula – a third, or an estimated 7 to 10 million[26] – are pastoralists, and their ethnic group has the largest nomadic pastoral community in the world.[27][28] The majority of the Fula ethnic group consisted of semi-sedentary people,[28] as well as sedentary settled farmers, scholars, artisans, merchants, and nobility.[29][30] As an ethnic group, they are bound together by the Fula language, their history[31][32][33] and their culture. The Fula are almost completely Muslims.[34][35]
Many West African leaders are of Fulani descent, including the former President of Nigeria, Muhammadu Buhari; the first president of Cameroon Ahmadou Ahidjo; the former President of Senegal, Macky Sall; the President of Gambia, Adama Barrow; the President of Guinea-Bissau, Umaro Sissoco Embaló; the Vice President of Sierra Leone, Mohamed Juldeh Jalloh; the Prime Minister of Mali, Boubou Cisse and the Wife of Vice President of Ghana Samira Bawumia. They also occupy positions in major international institutions, such as the Deputy Secretary-General of the United Nations, Amina J. Mohammed; the 74th President of the United Nations General Assembly, Tijjani Muhammad-Bande; and the Secretary-General of OPEC, Mohammed Sanusi Barkindo.
^Wealth, household heterogeneity and livelihood diversification of Fulani pastoralists in the Kachia Grazing Reserve, northern Nigeria, during a period of social transition on PubMed Central, access-date=2023-10-14
^"Africa: Senegal The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency". www.cia.gov. 2019. Retrieved 22 December 2019.
^"Africa: Guinea The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency". www.cia.gov. 2023. Retrieved 2 August 2023.
^"L'ethnie peul au Cameroun Cameroon". 15 October 2023. Retrieved 13 August 2019.
^"Mbororo/Fulani/Peul". 15 October 2023. Retrieved 13 August 2019.
^"Africa: Mali – The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency". www.cia.gov. 27 April 2021. Retrieved 1 May 2021.
^"Africa: Burkina Faso The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency". www.cia.gov. 2019. Retrieved 22 December 2019.
^"Africa: Niger – The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency". www.cia.gov. 27 April 2021. Retrieved 1 May 2021.
^"PRINCIPAUX INDICATEURS SOCIO DEMOGRAPHIQUES ET ECONOMIQUES" (PDF). 2013. Retrieved 22 December 2019.
^"What Is The Ethnic Composition Of Mauritania?". www.worldatlas.com. 27 April 2021. Retrieved 1 May 2021.
^"Africa: Guinea-Bissau – The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency". www.cia.gov. 27 April 2021. Retrieved 1 May 2021.
^"Distribution of the Gambian population by ethnicity 1973, 1983, 1993, 2003 and 2013 Censuses – GBoS". www.gbosdata.org. Archived from the original on 2021-11-19. Retrieved 2021-06-17.
^"Africa: Chad – The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency". www.cia.gov. 27 April 2021. Retrieved 1 May 2021.
^"Sierra Leone 2015 Population and Housing Census National Analytical Report" (PDF). Statistics Sierra Leone. Retrieved 28 March 2020.
^ ab"Fulani people and Jihadism in Sahel and West African countries :: Observatoire of Arab-Muslim World and Sahel :: Foundation for Strategic Research :: FRS". www.frstrategie.org. Retrieved 2021-06-21.
^"Adamawa Fulfulde". Ethnologue. Retrieved 18 October 2023.
^"Borgu Fulfude". Ethnologue. Retrieved 18 October 2023.
^"Maasina Fulfulde". Ethnologue. Retrieved 18 October 2023.
^"No South Sudan Passports for Fulani, Officials Say | Voice of America – English". www.voanews.com. Retrieved 2021-09-05.
^Francis Rodd (1926) – Origins of Tuareg people; H.R. Palmer (1914) – M. Delafosse's Account of the Fulani, Taylor White (1921)
^Cite error: The named reference Juang2008p492 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Felicity Crowe (2010). Modern Muslim Societies. Marshall Cavendish. p. 262. ISBN 978-0-7614-7927-7.
^Steven L. Danver (2015). Native Peoples of the World: An Encyclopedia of Groups, Cultures and Contemporary Issues. Routledge. pp. 31–32. ISBN 978-1-317-46400-6.
^"Fulbe". homepage.univie.ac.at (in German). Archived from the original on 24 November 2021. Retrieved 30 August 2020.
^David Levinson (1996). "Fulani". Encyclopedia of World Cultures: Africa and the Middle East, Volume 9. Gale Group. ISBN 978-0-8161-1808-3.
^Anthony Appiah; Henry Louis Gates (2010). Encyclopedia of Africa. Oxford University Press. p. 495. ISBN 978-0-19-533770-9.
^ abDavid Levinson (1996). "Fulani". Encyclopedia of World Cultures: Africa and the Middle East, Volume 9. Gale Group. ISBN 978-0-8161-1808-3., Quote: The Fulani form the largest pastoral nomadic group in the world. The Bororo'en are noted for the size of their cattle herds. In addition to fully nomadic groups, however, there are also semisedentary Fulani —Fulbe Laddi— who also farm, although they argue that they do so out of necessity, not choice.
^Cite error: The named reference decorsefula was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Anthony Appiah; Henry Louis Gates (2010). Encyclopedia of Africa. Oxford University Press. pp. 495–496. ISBN 978-0-19-533770-9.
^Richard M. Juang (2008). Africa and the Americas: Culture, Politics, and History. ABC-CLIO. p. 492. ISBN 978-1-85109-441-7.
^Pat Ikechukwu Ndukwe (1996). Fulani. The Rosen Publishing Group. pp. 9–17. ISBN 978-0-8239-1982-6.
^D Group (2013). Encyclopedia of African Peoples. Routledge. pp. 85–88. ISBN 978-1-135-96334-7.
^"Religion and expressive culture – Fulani". www.everyculture.com. Retrieved 30 August 2020.
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marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Adlam letters. The Fula, Fulani, or Fulɓe people is an ethnic group in Sahara, Sahel and West Africa, widely...
the only indigenous writing scripts in Africa, the Adlam script for the Fula language. El Hadj Umar Tall (1797–1864) – religious leader from the Tijani...
most Niger-Congo languages, Fula does not have tones. It is spoken as a first language by the Fulapeople ("Fulani", Fula: Fulɓe) from the Senegambia...
up Fula in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Fula may refer to: Fulapeople (or Fulani, Fulɓe) Fula language (or Pulaar, Fulfulde, Fulani) The Fula variety...
and a branch of the Fulapeople of West Africa. The Fula make up about 3.4% of Sierra Leone's population. The Sierra Leone Fulapeople settled in the Western...
tekruri, a precolonial term meaning "people from Takrur". The supposed distinction between Toucouleurs and Fulapeople more generally was invented by French...
question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Adlam letters. The Fula language (Fula: Fulfulde, Pulaar, or Pular) is written primarily in the Latin script...
Fula Christians or also called Fulani Christians are members of the Fulapeople who profess Christianity in all their denominations. Due to the strong...
Africa during the 18th and 19th centuries, led largely by the Muslim Fulapeople. The jihads and the jihad states came to an end with European colonization...
first converted to Islam, but then renouncing Islam en masse when Muslim Fulapeople began dominating their region. In the eighteenth century, many of the...
revolution (Jihad) of 1804. "Hausa–Fulani" or "Kado" are Hausanized Fulas, people of mixed Hausa and Fulani origin, most of whom speak a variant of Hausa...
Maimuna Gombe Abubakar pronunciation popularly known as (Momee Gombe), is a Nigerian actress, singer and dancer working in Kannywood industry. Momee Gombe...
Yafeu Akiyele Fula (October 9, 1977 – November 10, 1996), better known by his stage name Yaki Kadafi, was an American rapper and a founding member of the...
highest at over 96%, followed by FGM among the women of the Jola people's at 91% and Fulapeople at 88%. Among the Mandinka women of some other countries of...
The Wodaabe (Fula: Woɗaaɓe, وٛطَاٻٜ, 𞤏𞤮𞤯𞤢𞥄𞤩𞤫) is a name that is used to designate a subgroup of the Fula ethnic group who are traditionally nomadic...
have been adopted among the Temne from the nearby Mandinka people, Fulapeople and Susu people. The caste hierarchy and social stratification has been more...
because the region within 5 AU of Sirius A had not been covered. Fulapeople Toucouleur people Jobawa Sullubawa "Mali". www.cia.gov/. Retrieved 19 November...
people is shared by the modern Mali, and the empire from which its name originates from. Songhay, Bozo, and Dogon people predominate, while the Fula people...
extensively with the native people they live with in the region, in particular the Fur people, Nuba peoples and Fulapeople. The bulk of Baggara Arabs...
wings on either side. It is considered the national instrument of the Fulapeople of West Africa and is similar in its sound and quality to the Middle...
Nasiru Ado Bayero, OFR pronunciation (born 2 February 1964) is a Nigerian banker and businessman. He is the current Emir of Bichi, a Nigerian traditional...
marriages are common and preferred in Soninke culture, just as with the Fulapeople. Parents consent to marriage. A traditional proverb states, "Cousins...
and 18th century, many Limba people were shipped to North America as slaves. One of the biggest ethnic groups are the Fula at around 4.4% of the population...
Ibrahim Ba (born 12 January 1973) is a French former professional footballer who played as a right midfielder. Starting off his career with Le Havre in...
and the southeastern part of the country. In some of these countries the Fula constitute a minority group. They inhabit Northern Nigeria and some parts...