Futa Toro and West African kingdoms, c. 18th century.
Futa Toro (Wolof and Fula: Fuuta Tooro, فُوتَ تࣷورࣷ, 𞤆𞤵𞥄𞤼𞤢 𞤚𞤮𞥄𞤪𞤮; Arabic: فوتا تورو), often simply the Futa, is a semidesert region around the middle run of the Senegal River. This region, along the border of Senegal and Mauritania, is historically significant as the center of several Fulani states, and a source of jihad armies and migrants to the Fouta Djallon.[1][2]
The word Futa is a general name the Fulbe gave to any area they lived in, while Toro was the actual identity of the region for its inhabitants, likely derived from the ancient kingdom of Takrur.[3] The people of the area mostly speak Pulaar, a dialect of the Fula language that spans West Africa from Senegal to Cameroon. They identified themselves by the language giving rise to the name Haalpulaar'en meaning those who speak Pulaar. The Haalpulaar'en are also known as Toucouleurs (var. Tukolor), a name also derived from of Takrur.
^Anthony Appiah; Henry Louis Gates (2010). Encyclopedia of Africa. Oxford University Press. p. 496. ISBN 978-0-19-533770-9.
^Sohail H. Hashmi (2012). Just Wars, Holy Wars, and Jihads: Christian, Jewish, and Muslim Encounters and Exchanges. Oxford University Press. pp. 247–249. ISBN 978-0-19-975504-2.
^John A. Shoup (31 October 2011). Ethnic Groups of Africa and the Middle East: An Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. p. 97. ISBN 978-1-59884-362-0.
Futa may refer to: Futa Pass between Florence and Bologna Futa River in Chile Futa, Ghana, a community in Ghana FutaTooro, a region along the Senegal...
ISBN 978-0-8108-6260-9. Retrieved 2013-02-17. Klein, Martin A. (2005). "Futa-Tooro: Early Nineteenth Century". Encyclopedia of African History. Vol. 1. Fitzroy...
central Guinea and south into the northernmost reaches of Sierra Leone; the FutaTooro savannah grasslands of Senegal and southern Mauritania; the Macina inland...
Toucouleur peoples in the Senegal River valley area traditionally known as FutaTooro and further south and east. Pulaar speakers, known as Haalpulaar'en live...
native to the Tooro Kingdom FutaTooro, a region in western Africa This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Tooro. If an internal...
Ṭaʿl, Arabic: حاج عمر بن سعيد الفوتي طعل, c. 1794 – 1864 CE), born in FutaTooro, present day Senegal, was a Senegalese Tijani sufi Toucouleur Islamic...
and 19th centuries. It followed the jihads successfully waged in Futa Bundu, FutaTooro and Fouta Djallon between 1650 and 1750, which led to the creation...
natively in Guinea, Senegal, Mauritania, and western Mali (including the FutaTooro region). Pular is written in three alphabets: Adlam script, Ajami script...
either side of the Senegal River in the ancient Senegalese kingdom of FutaTooro. Maal was expected to follow in his father's profession and become a fisherman...
bin Saeed or Omar ben Saeed; c. 1770–1864) was a Fula Muslim scholar from Futa Toro in West Africa (present-day Senegal), who was enslaved and transported...
caretaker and Coumba Thimbo, a peanut seller. He was raised in Fatick and FutaTooro, as well as Mboro from age 2–5. Sall's father was a member of the Socialist...
Toucouleur Empire. El Hajj Umar Tall led armies east from his base in FutaTooro and Dinguiraye to conquer Kaarta, the Bambara Empire, and Massina in the...
launched his jihad with an invasion across the Senegal River into the FutaTooro and Wolof states. This would give him control of the trade in gum with...
[citation needed] was founded by the disciple of a famous marabout of FutaTooro, Amadou Sekhou. The Ḥamāliyya (Ḥamālliyya) branch, founded by Shaykh Hamallah...
plantation and wrote many Arabic texts while enslaved. Born in the kingdom of FutaTooro (modern Senegal), he arrived in America in 1807, one month before the...
French colonial forces invaded the region. The Toucouleurs speak the FutaTooro dialect of Pulaar. They call themselves Haalpulaar’en, which means "those...
powerful, having united Cayor and the kingdoms of Baol, Siné, Saloum, Waalo, FutaTooro and Bambouk, or much of present-day West Africa. The empire was a voluntary...
Thus the capital, to the extent that there was one, moved frequently. FutaTooro benefited from extensive trade networks, with horses and donkeys moving...
ISBN 978-0-521-29137-8. Retrieved 2013-02-10. Klein, Martin A. (2005). "Futa-Tooro: Early Nineteenth Century". Encyclopedia of African History. Vol. 1. Fitzroy...
Fulani were migratory people. They moved from Mauritania and settled in FutaTooro, Futa Djallon, and subsequently throughout the rest of West Africa. By the...
Jobawa, Dambazawa, Mudubawa, Mallawa, and Sullubawa tribes originating in FutaTooro. "Banza or Banza 7" according to some modern historians are people who...
needed] This may stem from the Serers of Kaabu or Tekrur (present-day FutaTooro in Senegal) after their exodus in the 11th century following a religious...
with local Muslims and the peasantry flocking to al-Din's banner. In FutaTooro the population rose massively against the rule of the Denianke satigis...
Ayuba Suleiman Ibrahima Diallo was born c. 1701 in Bondu, in the state of FutaTooro. His family were well-known religious leaders of the Muslim Fulbe people—Diallo's...
Hadj Umar Tall, a Toucouleur conqueror swept across West Africa from FutaTooro. Umar Tall's mujahideen readily defeated the Bambara, seizing Ségou itself...
Fulani were migratory people. They moved from Mauritania and settled in FutaTooro, Futa Djallon, and subsequently throughout the rest of West Africa. By the...
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