Tori mandibulares, mandibular torus, mandibular tori
Mandibular torus in premolar area
Specialty
Oral and maxillofacial surgery
Torus mandibularis seen at axial CT and volume rendering
Torus mandibularis is a bony growth in the mandible along the surface nearest to the tongue. Mandibular tori usually are present near the premolars and above the location on the mandible of the mylohyoid muscle attachment.[1] In 90% of cases, a torus is on both inner sides of the mandible (left and right); however, they may differ in size.
The prevalence of mandibular tori ranges from 5–40%. They are less common than bony growths occurring on the palate, known as torus palatinus. Mandibular tori are more common in Asian and Inuit populations. They are slightly more common in males.[2][3] In the United States, the prevalence is 7–10% of the population.
It is believed that mandibular tori are caused by several factors,[1] with local stress on individual teeth considered the most relevant factor. Development of tori is more common in early adulthood and is associated with bruxism. The size of tori may fluctuate throughout life and, in some cases, tori may become large enough to touch each other in the midline of the mouth. Consequently, it is believed that mandibular tori are the result of local stresses rather than occurring solely to genetic influences.
Typically, mandibular tori are clinical findings without the necessity of treatment. The presence of tori may complicate the fabrication of dentures. If removal of tori is deemed necessary, surgery can reduce the amount of bone, but tori may reform in cases where nearby teeth continue to receive local stresses. Ulcers may form in the area of tori because of trauma during mastication or from injury by utensils used during consumption of food or drink.
^ abNeville, Brad W.; Damm, Douglas; Allen, Carl; Bouquot, Jerry (2002). Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology (2nd ed.). Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders. p. 21. ISBN 9780721690032.
Torusmandibularis is a bony growth in the mandible along the surface nearest to the tongue. Mandibular tori usually are present near the premolars and...
needed] Torus palatinus is a bony protrusion on the palate, usually present on the midline of the hard palate.[citation needed] Torusmandibularis is a bony...
A torus palatinus (pl.: tori palatini), or palatal torus (pl.: palatal tori), is a bony protrusion on the palate. Palatal tori are usually present on the...
along the palate, close to the midline, whereas the mandibular torus or torusmandibularis occur along the lingual side of the mandible. Occurrences of...
Subungual exostosis Surfer's ear (exostosis of the ear canal) TorusmandibularisTorus palatinus Calcaneal spur (heel spur) Ganglion cyst List of radiographic...
about 5:1. They are strongly associated with the presence of torusmandibularis and torus palatinus. Sakai O (24 May 2011). Head and Neck Imaging Cases...
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