Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is a burning, tingling or scalding sensation in the mouth, lasting for at least four to six months, with no underlying known dental or medical cause.[3][7] No related signs of disease are found in the mouth.[3] People with burning mouth syndrome may also have a subjective xerostomia (dry mouth sensation where no cause can be found such as reduced salivary flow), paraesthesia (altered sensation such as tingling in the mouth), or an altered sense of taste or smell.[3]
A burning sensation in the mouth can be a symptom of another disease when local or systemic factors are found to be implicated; this is not considered to be burning mouth syndrome,[3] which is a syndrome of medically unexplained symptoms.[3] The International Association for the Study of Pain defines burning mouth syndrome as "a distinctive nosological entity characterized by unremitting oral burning or similar pain in the absence of detectable mucosal changes"[1] and "burning pain in the tongue or other oral mucous membranes",[8] and the International Headache Society defines it as "an intra-oral burning sensation for which no medical or dental cause can be found".[6] To ensure the correct diagnosis of burning mouth syndrome, Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC/BMS) have been developed.[9]
Insufficient evidence leaves it unclear if effective treatments exist.[3]
^ abcScully, Crispian (2008). Oral and maxillofacial medicine : the basis of diagnosis and treatment (2nd ed.). Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone. pp. 171–175. ISBN 9780443068188.
^Rapini, Ronald P.; Bolognia, Jean L.; Jorizzo, Joseph L. (2007). Dermatology: 2-Volume Set. St. Louis: Mosby. ISBN 978-1-4160-2999-1.
^ abcdefghijkMcMillan, Roddy; Forssell, Heli; Buchanan, John Ag; Glenny, Anne-Marie; Weldon, Jo C.; Zakrzewska, Joanna M. (2016). "Interventions for treating burning mouth syndrome". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2016 (11): CD002779. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD002779.pub3. ISSN 1469-493X. PMC 6464255. PMID 27855478.
^James, William D.; Berger, Timothy G.; et al. (2006). Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: Clinical Dermatology. Saunders Elsevier. p. 63. ISBN 978-0-7216-2921-6.
^Brad W. Neville; Douglas D. Damm; Carl M. Allen; Jerry E. Bouquot (2002). Oral & maxillofacial pathology (2. ed.). Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders. pp. 752–753. ISBN 978-0721690032.
^ abMock, David; Chugh, Deepika (1 March 2010). "Burning Mouth Syndrome". International Journal of Oral Science. 2 (1): 1–4. doi:10.4248/IJOS10008. PMC 3475590. PMID 20690412.
^"Burning Mouth Syndrome". www.nidcr.nih.gov. Retrieved 23 March 2022.
^Cite error: The named reference Classification of Chronic Pain was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Currie, C. C.; Ohrbach, R.; Leeuw, R. De; Forssell, H.; Imamura, Y.; Jääskeläinen, S. K.; Koutris, M.; Nasri-Heir, C.; Tan, H.; Renton, T.; Svensson, P. (2021). "Developing a Research Diagnostic Criteria for Burning Mouth Syndrome: Results from an International Delphi Process". Journal of Oral Rehabilitation. 48 (3): 308–331. doi:10.1111/joor.13123. ISSN 1365-2842. PMID 33155292. S2CID 226269391.
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