Tocopherols (/toʊˈkɒfəˌrɒl/;[1]TCP) are a class of organic compounds comprising various methylated phenols, many of which have vitamin E activity. Because the vitamin activity was first identified in 1936 from a dietary fertility factor in rats, it was named tocopherol, from Greek τόκος tókos 'birth' and φέρειν phérein 'to bear or carry', that is 'to carry a pregnancy', with the ending -ol signifying its status as a chemical alcohol.
α-Tocopherol is the main source found in supplements and in the European diet, where the main dietary sources are olive and sunflower oils,[2] while γ-tocopherol is the most common form in the American diet due to a higher intake of soybean and corn oil.[2][3]
Tocotrienols, which are related compounds, also have vitamin E activity. All of these various derivatives with vitamin activity may correctly be referred to as "vitamin E". Tocopherols and tocotrienols are fat-soluble antioxidants but also seem to have many other functions in the body.
^"Tocopherol". Dictionary.com Unabridged (Online). n.d. Retrieved 28 February 2018.
^ abWagner KH, Kamal-Eldin A, Elmadfa I (2004). "Gamma-tocopherol--an underestimated vitamin?". Annals of Nutrition & Metabolism. 48 (3): 169–88. doi:10.1159/000079555. PMID 15256801. S2CID 24827255. In North America, the intake of γ-tocopherol has been estimated to exceed that of α-tocopherol by a factor of 2–4 ... due to the fact that soybean oil is the predominant vegetable oil in the American diet (76.4%) followed by corn oil and canola oil (both 7%) ... The supply of dietary fats ... is much more diverse in Europe ... The oils mainly consumed in Europe, i.e. sunflower, olive and canola oil, provide less γ-tocopherol but more α-tocopherol ... [T]he ratio of α-:γ-tocopherol is at least 1:2. Therefore, the average γ-tocopherol intake may be estimated as 4–6 mg/day, which is about 25–35% of the USA intake. In accordance with the lower estimated European intake of γ-tocopherol, the serum levels of γ-tocopherol in European populations are 4–20 times lower than that of α-tocopherol
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Tocopherols (/toʊˈkɒfəˌrɒl/; TCP) are a class of organic compounds comprising various methylated phenols, many of which have vitamin E activity. Because...
Vitamin E is a group of eight fat soluble compounds that include four tocopherols and four tocotrienols. Vitamin E deficiency, which is rare and usually...
delta) and four tocopherols (alpha, beta, gamma, delta). The critical chemical structural difference between tocotrienols and tocopherols is that tocotrienols...
very high content of Tocopherols (176–226 mg/100 g) which consists predominantly of gamma-Tocopherol (50%) and delta-Tocopherol. While Sacha Inchi is...
of internal medicine (diabetology and angiology). The combination of tocopherol and pentoxifylline has been evaluated for the treatment of medication-related...
plant form of alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E) is RRR-α-tocopherol whereas the synthetic form (all-racemic vitamin E, or dl-tocopherol) is equal parts of the...
total fat content ranged from 11% to 52%. Based on the quantity of alpha-tocopherol extracted in the oil, the vitamin E content of twelve C. maxima cultivar...
properties than α-tocopherol and can have metabolic impacts at low concentration.[citation needed] Normal serum concentrations of α-tocopherol in adults ranges...
non-marine antioxidants such as ascorbic acid (vitamin C), polyphenols, and tocopherols. The evolution of angiosperm plants between 50 and 200 million years...
isolated with vitamin E deficiency', caused by mutations in the gene for the tocopherol transfer protein. These individuals have an extremely poor capacity to...
provide less γ-tocopherol but more α-tocopherol ... [T]he ratio of α-:γ-tocopherol is at least 1:2. Therefore, the average γ-tocopherol intake can be estimated...
fatty acids and carotenoids. Both oils also contain dense amounts of tocopherols, tocotrienols and plant sterols. Oils from sea buckthorn seeds and pulp...
1.6E-29 g Alpha-Tocopherol 8.7E-16 g Lutein & zeaxanthin 1.36E-28 g Beta-tocopherol 0 g 0 Gamma-tocopherol 1.42E-15 g Delta-tocopherol 1.04E-15 g Vitamin...
025 μg D2/D3 ≈ 0.65 pmol 1 IU Vitamin E = 2⁄3 mg d-alpha-tocopherol = 0.90 mg of dl-alpha-tocopherol In 1931, the Permanent Commission on Biological Standardisation...
called vitamers. For example, there are eight vitamers of vitamin E: four tocopherols and four tocotrienols. The term vitamin does not include the three other...
hydrocarbons constitute the side chains of biomolecules such as chlorophyll and tocopherol. Unsaturated hydrocarbons, which have one or more double or triple bonds...
Tocofersolan (INN) or tocophersolan, also referred to as TPGS (for tocopherol polyethylene glycol succinate), is a synthetic water-soluble version of vitamin...
Tocopherol (alpha) transfer protein-like is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TTPAL gene. "Entrez Gene: Tocopherol (alpha) transfer protein-like"...
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