Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
Infobox references
Chemical compound
Limonene is a colorless liquid aliphatic hydrocarbon classified as a cyclic monoterpene, and is the major component in the volatile oil of citrus fruit peels.[1] The (+)-isomer, occurring more commonly in nature as the fragrance of oranges, is a flavoring agent in food manufacturing.[1][2] It is also used in chemical synthesis as a precursor to carvone and as a renewables-based solvent in cleaning products.[1] The less common (-)-isomer has a piny, turpentine-like odor, and is found in the edible parts of such plants as caraway, dill, and bergamot orange plants.[3]
Limonene takes its name from Italian limone ("lemon").[4] Limonene is a chiral molecule, and biological sources produce one enantiomer: the principal industrial source, citrus fruit, contains (+)-limonene (d-limonene), which is the (R)-enantiomer.[1] (+)-Limonene is obtained commercially from citrus fruits through two primary methods: centrifugal separation or steam distillation.
^ abcde"D-Limonene". PubChem Compound Database. National Center for Biotechnology Information, US National Library of Medicine. 2017. Retrieved 22 December 2017.
^Cite error: The named reference Ullmann was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^"Molecule of the Week Archive: Limonene". ACS.org. American Chemical Society. 1 November 2021. Retrieved 5 November 2021.
^"limonene". merriam-webster.com. Merriam-Webster. 22 September 2023. Retrieved 23 September 2023.
Limonene is a colorless liquid aliphatic hydrocarbon classified as a cyclic monoterpene, and is the major component in the volatile oil of citrus fruit...
Limonene synthase may refer to one of two enzymes: (R)-limonene synthase (4S)-limonene synthase This disambiguation page lists articles associated with...
composed of mostly (greater than 90%) d-limonene, and is often used in place of pure d-limonene. D-limonene can be extracted from the oil by distillation...
eucalyptol, ocimene, myrcene, limonene, linalool, menthol, camphene and pinenes are used in perfumes and cosmetic products. Limonene and perillyl alcohol are...
sensitisation due to a high content of aromatic terpenes; e.g., linalool, limonene, farnesol, geraniol and citral. It blends well with any citrus oil, various...
may be synthetically prepared from limonene via limonene nitrosochloride which may be formed by treatment of limonene with isoamyl nitrite in glacial acetic...
is a commonly held misconception that (+)-limonene is found in oranges (causing its smell), and (–)-limonene is found in lemons (causing its smell). In...
the fruit, and is composed principally of limonene, which makes up around 93% of the total. Besides limonene and alpha-pinene (0.34%), both of which are...
in the presence of sulfuric acid. An alternative route starts from limonene: Limonene reacts with trifluoroacetic acid in a Markovnikov addition to a trifluoroacetate...
Henrique; Rozza, Ariane Leite (2019-09-04). "Gastroprotective effect of limonene in rats: Influence on oxidative stress, inflammation and gene expression"...
monoterpenes alpha- and beta-pinene, with lesser amounts of carene, camphene, limonene, and terpinolene. Substitutes include white spirit or other petroleum distillates...
Perillyl alcohol and its precursor limonene are naturally occurring monocyclic terpenes derived from the mevalonate pathway in plants. Perillyl alcohol...
compounds as coumarins and furanocoumarins. The main compounds in the oil are limonene, linalyl acetate, linalool, γ-terpinene and β-pinene, and in smaller quantities...
including cannabis. The most common dominant terpenes found in this strain are limonene, which is also found in citrus fruits such as lemons, and terpinolene....
mineral spirits to make them easier to work with.[citation needed] Limonene and D-limonene are less toxic alternatives for mineral spirits.[citation needed]...
alpha-pinene, beta-pinene, delta-3 carene, and sabinene, the monocyclic terpenes limonene and terpinolene, and smaller amounts of the tricyclic sesquiterpenes, longifolene...
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