Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Chemical compound
Thorium dioxide (ThO2), also called thorium(IV) oxide, is a crystalline solid, often white or yellow in colour. Also known as thoria, it is mainly a by-product of lanthanide and uranium production.[4] Thorianite is the name of the mineralogical form of thorium dioxide. It is moderately rare and crystallizes in an isometric system. The melting point of thorium oxide is 3300 °C – the highest of all known oxides. Only a few elements (including tungsten and carbon) and a few compounds (including tantalum carbide) have higher melting points.[6] All thorium compounds, including the dioxide, are radioactive because there are no stable isotopes of thorium.
^ abcdefgHaynes, p. 4.95
^Haynes, p. 4.136
^Haynes, p. 4.144
^ abYamashita, Toshiyuki; Nitani, Noriko; Tsuji, Toshihide; Inagaki, Hironitsu (1997). "Thermal expansions of NpO2 and some other actinide dioxides". J. Nucl. Mater. 245 (1): 72–78. Bibcode:1997JNuM..245...72Y. doi:10.1016/S0022-3115(96)00750-7.
^"Thorium dioxide". pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.
^Emsley, John (2001). Nature's Building Blocks (Hardcover, First ed.). Oxford University Press. pp. 441. ISBN 978-0-19-850340-8.
Thoriumdioxide (ThO2), also called thorium(IV) oxide, is a crystalline solid, often white or yellow in colour. Also known as thoria, it is mainly a by-product...
it is exposed to air, forming thoriumdioxide; it is moderately soft and malleable and has a high melting point. Thorium is an electropositive actinide...
Thorium (90Th) has seven naturally occurring isotopes but none are stable. One isotope, 232Th, is relatively stable, with a half-life of 1.405×1010 years...
The thorium fuel cycle is a nuclear fuel cycle that uses an isotope of thorium, 232 Th , as the fertile material. In the reactor, 232 Th is transmuted...
metal oxides produce light from the heat of the flame whenever used. Thoriumdioxide was commonly a major component; being radioactive, it has led to concerns...
most important oxidation state of thorium is +4, represented in compounds such as thoriumdioxide (ThO2) and thorium tetrafluoride (ThF4), although some...
Carbon dioxide is a chemical compound with the chemical formula CO2. It is made up of molecules that each have one carbon atom covalently double bonded...
electric fields. Simple combustion of thorium in air produces thoriumdioxide. However, laser ablation of thorium in the presence of oxygen gives the monoxide...
production of thorium metal from thoriumdioxide. Part of the process of shutting down this experiment was the reprocessing and burning of thorium metal powder...
produced from phenylacetic acid and acetic acid using a tube furnace and thoriumdioxide (ThO2) as a catalyst, as mentioned in episodes "A No Rough-Stuff-Type...
injected intravascularly. Thorotrast was a contrast agent based on thoriumdioxide, which is radioactive. It was first introduced in 1929. While it provided...
about thorium radioactivity and toxicity, efforts have been made to find alternatives. One of them is zirconiated tungsten, where zirconium dioxide is used...
Thoriated glass is radioactive due to the inclusion of thoriumdioxide, oxide of radioactive element thorium. It has therefore been succeeded as a material of...
fueled with more-commonly available isotopes of uranium and thorium, such as uranium-238 and thorium-232, as opposed to the rare uranium-235 which is used in...
transparent ceramic consisting of yttria (Y2O3) containing approximately 10% thoriumdioxide (ThO2). It was one of the first transparent ceramics produced, and...
on a mass basis they are negligible. Thorium has been linked to liver cancer. In the past, thoria (thoriumdioxide) was used as a contrast agent for medical...
residue of mineral materials (mostly thoriumdioxide), heated to incandescence by the flame from the wick. The thorium and cerium oxide combination produces...
thoriumdioxide, ThO2; it was used as a radiocontrast agent in clinical radiography in the 1930s to 1950s. It is no longer used clinically. Thorium compounds...
oxide materials (ceramics) such as zinc oxide, cerium(IV) oxide and thoriumdioxide. The existence of the candoluminescence phenomenon and the underlying...
platinum. The successful approach was to suspend a hollow shell of thoriumdioxide with a small hole in it in a bath of molten platinum. The shell (cavity)...
Thorium oxyfluoride is an inorganic compound of thorium metal, fluorine, and oxygen with the chemical formula ThOF 2. Thorium oxyfluoride can be prepared...
the dioxides of cerium, thorium, and the transuranic elements from neptunium through californium have the same structures. No other elemental dioxides have...
that in a cubic crystal structure. Thorium dicarbide can be rapidly hydrolyzed in the air to generate thoriumdioxide, hydrogen and hydrocarbons. Its reaction...
associated with cholangiocarcinoma. Exposure to Thorotrast, a form of thoriumdioxide which was used as a radiologic contrast medium, has been linked to...
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