Many compounds of thorium are known: this is because thorium and uranium are the most stable and accessible actinides and are the only actinides that can be studied safely and legally in bulk in a normal laboratory. As such, they have the best-known chemistry of the actinides, along with that of plutonium, as the self-heating and radiation from them is not enough to cause radiolysis of chemical bonds as it is for the other actinides.[1] While the later actinides from americium onwards are predominantly trivalent and behave more similarly to the corresponding lanthanides, as one would expect from periodic trends, the early actinides up to plutonium (thus including thorium and uranium) have relativistically destabilised and hence delocalised 5f and 6d electrons that participate in chemistry in a similar way to the early transition metals of group 3 through 8: thus, all their valence electrons can participate in chemical reactions, although this is not common for neptunium and plutonium.[2]
^Greenwood and Earnshaw, p. 1265
^Cite error: The named reference CottonSA2006 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
Many compounds of thorium are known: this is because thorium and uranium are the most stable and accessible actinides and are the only actinides that...
Thorium is a chemical element. It has the symbol Th and atomic number 90. Thorium is a weakly radioactive light silver metal which tarnishes olive gray...
tungsten and carbon) and a few compounds (including tantalum carbide) have higher melting points. All thoriumcompounds, including the dioxide, are radioactive...
aqueous solutions. Thorium is rather active chemically. Owing to lack of electrons on 6d and 5f orbitals, tetravalent thoriumcompounds are colorless. At...
Thorium trichloride is a binary inorganic compound of thorium metal and chlorine with the chemical formula ThCl3. The compound can be prepared by reducing...
Thorium triiodide is a binary inorganic compound of thorium metal and chloride with the chemical formula ThCl2. Th-metal is dissolved in alkali chloride...
Thorium heptaphosphide is a binary inorganic compound of thorium metal and phosphorus with the chemical formula ThP7. This is the most phosphorus-rich...
Thorium oxyfluoride is an inorganic compound of thorium metal, fluorine, and oxygen with the chemical formula ThOF 2. Thorium oxyfluoride can be prepared...
Thorium dicarbide is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula ThC2. Thorium dicarbide can be produced by reacting metal thorium and graphite at...
variations when trying to measure radiation from thorium oxide. Rutherford noticed that the compounds of thorium continuously emit a radioactive gas that remains...
Thorium triiodide is a binary inorganic compound of thorium metal and iodine with the chemical formula ThI3. Th metal is heated with ThI4 in a vacuum...
Carbon compounds are defined as chemical substances containing carbon. More compounds of carbon exist than any other chemical element except for hydrogen...
means: (a) the production and use of thorium, or thoriumcompounds, and the production of products where thorium is deliberately added; or (b) the production...
Thorium diiodide is an iodide of thorium, with the chemical formula of ThI2. It is an electride with the ionic formula Th4+(I-)2e-2. It is air-sensitive...
(11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 692. Wolfgang Stoll "Thorium and ThoriumCompounds" Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry 2012 Wiley-VCH...
Tungsten is a rare metal found naturally on Earth almost exclusively as compounds with other elements. It was identified as a new element in 1781 and first...
Thoriumcompounds produce excellent images because of thorium's high opacity to X-rays (it has a high cross section for absorption). However, thorium...
display different physical and chemical properties. Thorium and protactinium, but not uranium compounds, are poorly soluble in aqueous solutions and precipitate...
Thorium diselenide is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula ThSe2. It is one of the selenides of thorium. It was first obtained in 1896 through...
manufacture of organic compounds, and 18% in the manufacture of inorganic chlorine compounds. About 15,000 chlorine compounds are used commercially. The...
or tungsten. It forms well-defined intermetallic compounds with antimony, gallium, indium, and thorium, which are photosensitive. It mixes with all the...
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