Thioredoxin information

TXN
Available structures
PDB	Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB
List of PDB id codes
	4TRX, 1AIU, 1AUC, 1CQG, 1CQH, 1ERT, 1ERU, 1ERV, 1ERW, 1MDI, 1MDJ, 1MDK, 1TRS, 1TRU, 1TRV, 1TRW, 2HSH, 2HXK, 2IFQ, 2IIY, 3E3E, 3KD0, 3M9J, 3M9K, 3QFA, 3QFB, 3TRX, 4LL1, 4LL4, 4OO4, 4OO5, 4POK, 4POL, 4POM, 4PUF, 5DQY
Identifiers
Aliases	TXN, TRDX, TRX, TRX1, thioredoxin, Trx80
External IDs	OMIM: 187700; MGI: 98874; HomoloGene: 128202; GeneCards: TXN; OMA:TXN - orthologs
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 9 (human)
End	110,256,507 bp
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	Chromosome 4 (mouse)
End	57,956,411 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	oral cavity; ; human penis; ; body of tongue; ; jejunal mucosa; ; right uterine tube; ; rectum; ; islet of Langerhans; ; stromal cell of endometrium; ; epithelium of esophagus; ; trachea;
	Top expressed in
	jejunum; ; ileum; ; colon; ; duodenum; ; proximal tubule; ; synovial joint; ; thymus; ; esophagus; ; ankle joint; ; yolk sac;
	More reference expression data
	More reference expression data
Gene ontology
Molecular function	protein-disulfide reductase activity; oxidoreductase activity, acting on a sulfur group of donors, disulfide as acceptor; protein binding; thioredoxin-disulfide reductase activity; protein-disulfide reductase (NAD(P)) activity; RNA binding;
Cellular component	extracellular region; extracellular exosome; nucleus; cytoplasm; mitochondrion; cytosol; nucleoplasm;
Biological process	activation of protein kinase B activity; positive regulation of protein kinase B signaling; nucleobase-containing small molecule interconversion; glycerol ether metabolic process; regulation of transcription, DNA-templated; cell-cell signaling; negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II; cell redox homeostasis; transcription, DNA-templated; positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation; negative regulation of protein export from nucleus; response to radiation; positive regulation of DNA binding; negative regulation of hydrogen peroxide-induced cell death; cell population proliferation; signal transduction; protein repair; cellular oxidant detoxification; cellular response to oxidative stress;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	7295
	22166
	ENSG00000136810
	ENSMUSG00000028367
	P10599
	P10639
	NM_003329; NM_001244938
	NM_011660
	NP_001231867; NP_003320
	NP_035790
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

Thioredoxin (TRX or TXN) is a class of small redox proteins known to be present in all organisms. It plays a role in many important biological processes, including redox signaling. In humans, thioredoxins are encoded by TXN and TXN2 genes.^[5]^[6] Loss-of-function mutation of either of the two human thioredoxin genes is lethal at the four-cell stage of the developing embryo. Although not entirely understood, thioredoxin is linked to medicine through their response to reactive oxygen species (ROS). In plants, thioredoxins regulate a spectrum of critical functions, ranging from photosynthesis to growth, flowering and the development and germination of seeds. Thioredoxins play a role in cell-to-cell communication.^[7]

^ ^a ^b ^c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000136810 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ ^a ^b ^c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000028367 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ Wollman EE, d'Auriol L, Rimsky L, Shaw A, Jacquot JP, Wingfield P, Graber P, Dessarps F, Robin P, Galibert F (October 1988). "Cloning and expression of a cDNA for human thioredoxin". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 263 (30): 15506–12. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(19)37617-3. PMID 3170595.
^ "Entrez Gene: TXN2 thioredoxin 2".
^ Meng L, Wong JH, Feldman LJ, Lemaux PG, Buchanan BB (February 2010). "A membrane-associated thioredoxin required for plant growth moves from cell to cell, suggestive of a role in intercellular communication". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 107 (8): 3900–5. Bibcode:2010PNAS..107.3900M. doi:10.1073/pnas.0913759107. PMC 2840455. PMID 20133584.

[refGRCh38Ensembl-1] GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000136810 – Ensembl, May 2017

[refGRCm38Ensembl-2] GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000028367 – Ensembl, May 2017

[3] "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[4] "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Wollman_1988-5] Wollman EE, d'Auriol L, Rimsky L, Shaw A, Jacquot JP, Wingfield P, Graber P, Dessarps F, Robin P, Galibert F (October 1988). "Cloning and expression of a cDNA for human thioredoxin". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 263 (30): 15506–12. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(19)37617-3. PMID 3170595.

[6] "Entrez Gene: TXN2 thioredoxin 2".

[Meng_2010-7] Meng L, Wong JH, Feldman LJ, Lemaux PG, Buchanan BB (February 2010). "A membrane-associated thioredoxin required for plant growth moves from cell to cell, suggestive of a role in intercellular communication". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 107 (8): 3900–5. Bibcode:2010PNAS..107.3900M. doi:10.1073/pnas.0913759107. PMC 2840455. PMID 20133584.

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