Syrian intervention in the Lebanese Civil War information
Syrian intervention in the Lebanese Civil War
Part of the Lebanese Civil War
Date
1976–1990
Location
Lebanon
Result
Taif Agreement
Belligerents
Syria Support: Amal Movement PNSF Marada Brigades
Lebanese Front (initially) Israel (initially)
PLO Lebanese National Movement
Lebanese Front Israel
Lebanese Army
Commanders and leaders
Hafez al-Assad Mustafa Tlass Ali Habib Mahmud Shafiq Fayadh Ali Haydar
Yasser Arafat George Habash Kamal Jumblatt Mohsen Ibrahim
Pierre Gemayel Camille Chamoun
Strength
25,000 (1976) 30,000 (1982)
Unknown
Unknown
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Lebanese Civil War
First phase: 1975–1977
Bus massacre
Black Thursday
Hotels
ASALA insurgency
Black Saturday
Karantina
Damour
1976 Syrian intervention
Tel al-Zaatar
Chekka
Aishiyeh
Second phase: 1977–1982
Chouf
St George's Church attack
Hundred Days' War
Litani
Kaukaba
Ehden
Qaa
Qnat
At Tiri
Safra
Zahleh
1981 Israeli bombing
Iraqi Embassy bombing
Third phase: 1982–1984
1982 Beirut bombing
1982 Lebanon War
1982 Iranian diplomats kidnapping
Assassination of Bachir Gemayel
Sabra and Shatila
U.S. Embassy bombing
Barracks bombings
Mountain War
Tripoli
February 6 Intifada
1984 Sohmor massacre
Fourth phase: 1984–1990
U.S. embassy annex bombing
War of the Camps
1985 Beirut bombings
LF coup
Assassination of Rashid Karami
War of Brothers
War of Elimination
War of Liberation
Dahr al-Wahsh massacre
Assassination of René Moawad
Sidon
Cantons and puppet states
East Beirut canton
People's Republic of Tyre
Northern Canton
Civil Administration of the Mountain
State of Free Lebanon
South Lebanon security belt
administration
Syria intervened in the Lebanese Civil War in 1976, one year after the breakout of the war, as Syrian military began supporting Maronite militias against the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) and leftist militias. Syria also raised a proxy militia of its own, the Palestine Liberation Army (PLA). Hafiz al-Assad's primary objective was to suppress the rise of PLO and allied pro-Palestinian militias in Lebanon which toed a hardline stance against Israel; and the invasion received widespread rebuke in the Arab world.[1]
The involvement was later legalized under the pretext of Arab Deterrent Force of the Arab League. In 1982, Syria battled Israel over control of Lebanon.
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^M. Lüthi, Lorenz (2020). "20: The Middle East". Cold Wars: Asia, the Middle East, Europe. New York, NY 10006, USA: Cambridge University Press. p. 495. doi:10.1017/9781108289825. ISBN 978-1-108-41833-1.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location (link)
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