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Syrian civil war spillover in Lebanon information


See also: Refugees of the Syrian Civil War in Lebanon

Syrian civil war spillover in Lebanon
Part of the Arab Winter, the Spillover of the Syrian Civil War and the Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict

Lebanese army's 4th Intervention Regiment personnel on Syria Street, guarding the road between Bab al-Tabbaneh and Jabal Mohsen in 2011
Date17 June 2011 – 28 August 2017
(6 years, 2 months, 1 week and 4 days)
Location
Lebanon (Akkar, Arsal, Beirut, Qaa, Ras Baalbek, Sidon, and Tripoli)
Result Lebanese government and pro-Syrian government victory
Territorial
changes		 The Lebanese Army and Hezbollah expelled IS militants as well as fighters of Al-Qaeda and its allies from Lebanon entirely in 2017 and reestablished control across all Lebanese territory.[50][52]
Main belligerents

Syrian civil war spillover in Lebanon Lebanon

  • Syrian civil war spillover in Lebanon Lebanese Armed Forces
  • Syrian civil war spillover in Lebanon Internal Security Forces
Support:
  • Syrian civil war spillover in Lebanon Australia[1]
  • Syrian civil war spillover in Lebanon Canada[2]
  • Syrian civil war spillover in Lebanon China[3]
  • Syrian civil war spillover in Lebanon Cyprus[4]
  • Syrian civil war spillover in Lebanon Czech Republic[5]
  • Syrian civil war spillover in Lebanon Egypt[6]
  • Syrian civil war spillover in Lebanon France[7]
  • Syrian civil war spillover in Lebanon Germany[8]
  • Syrian civil war spillover in Lebanon Iran[9]
  • Syrian civil war spillover in Lebanon Italy[10]
  • Syrian civil war spillover in Lebanon Jordan[11]
  • Syrian civil war spillover in Lebanon Netherlands[12]
  • Syrian civil war spillover in Lebanon Russia[13]
  • Syrian civil war spillover in Lebanon Saudi Arabia[7]
  • Syrian civil war spillover in Lebanon South Korea[14]
  • Syrian civil war spillover in Lebanon Spain[15]
  • Syrian civil war spillover in Lebanon Turkey[16]
  • Syrian civil war spillover in Lebanon United Kingdom[17][18]
  • Syrian civil war spillover in Lebanon United States[7]

Pro-Syrian government militias:

  • Syrian civil war spillover in Lebanon Hezbollah
    • Lebanese Resistance Brigades[19]
  • Syrian civil war spillover in Lebanon PFLP-GC[20]
  • Syrian civil war spillover in Lebanon Amal Movement[21]
  • Syrian civil war spillover in Lebanon Syrian Social Nationalist Party[22]
  • Syrian civil war spillover in Lebanon DFLP[23]
  • Syrian civil war spillover in Lebanon Popular Nasserist Organization[24]
  • Syrian civil war spillover in Lebanon As-Sa'iqa[25]
  • Fatah al-Intifada[26]
  • Arab Democratic Party (until 2014)[27]
  • Syrian civil war spillover in Lebanon Armenian Revolutionary Federation[28]
  • Arab Movement Party[29]
Support:
  • Syrian civil war spillover in Lebanon Syria[30]
  • Syrian civil war spillover in Lebanon Iran[31]
  • Syrian civil war spillover in Lebanon Russia[32]

Other militias:

  • Syrian civil war spillover in Lebanon Lebanese Communist Party[33]
  • Syrian civil war spillover in Lebanon Fatah[34][35]

Anti-Syrian government militias:

  • Syrian civil war spillover in Lebanon Free Syrian Army[36]
    • Saraya Ahl al-Sham Surrendered[37]
  • Syrian civil war spillover in Lebanon Jaysh al-Islam[38]
  • Syrian civil war spillover in Lebanon Future Movement[19]
  • Syrian civil war spillover in Lebanon Islamic Front (until 2015)[39]
Support:
  • Syrian civil war spillover in Lebanon Saudi Arabia[40]

Syrian civil war spillover in Lebanon Al-Qaeda and allies:

  • Syrian civil war spillover in Lebanon Al-Nusra Front[a][41]
  • Syrian civil war spillover in Lebanon Fatah al-Islam[42]
  • Syrian civil war spillover in Lebanon Ghuraba al-Sham (until 2013)
  • Syrian civil war spillover in Lebanon Jund al-Sham[43]
  • Syrian civil war spillover in Lebanon Tahrir al-Sham Surrendered[44]
  • Syrian civil war spillover in Lebanon Abdullah Azzam Brigades[45][46]
  • Syrian civil war spillover in Lebanon Osbat al-Ansar[47]
  • Syrian civil war spillover in Lebanon Sunni Resistance Committees[48]
  • Syrian civil war spillover in Lebanon Muslim Youth[49]

Syrian civil war spillover in Lebanon Islamic State Surrendered[50]
(from 2013)

  • Syrian civil war spillover in Lebanon Military of ISIL
  • Syrian civil war spillover in Lebanon Free Sunnis of Baalbek Brigade[51]
Commanders and leaders
  • Syrian civil war spillover in Lebanon Michel Aoun (2016–2017)
  • Syrian civil war spillover in Lebanon Saad Hariri (2016–2017)
  • Syrian civil war spillover in Lebanon Roger Salem (2011–2017)
  • Syrian civil war spillover in Lebanon Joseph Aoun (2017)
  • Syrian civil war spillover in Lebanon Michel Suleiman (2011–2014)
  • Syrian civil war spillover in Lebanon Najib Mikati (2011–2014)
  • Syrian civil war spillover in Lebanon Jean Kahwaji (2011–2017)
  • Syrian civil war spillover in Lebanon Tammam Salam (2014–2016)
  • Syrian civil war spillover in Lebanon Ashraf Rifi (2014–2016)
  • Syrian civil war spillover in Lebanon Hassan Nasrallah
  • Syrian civil war spillover in Lebanon Hassan al-Laqqis †
  • Syrian civil war spillover in Lebanon Assaad Hardan
  • Rifa'at Eid (ADP)
  • Syrian civil war spillover in Lebanon Fuad Othman
  • Syrian civil war spillover in Lebanon Osama Saad
  • Shaker Berjawi
  • Syrian civil war spillover in Lebanon Khaled Hadadi
  • Fathi Zeidan †
  • Talal al-Ourdouni †

Syrian civil war spillover in Lebanon Abdullah Hussein al-Rifai †

  • Syrian civil war spillover in Lebanon Abu Malek al-Tali Surrendered
  • Syrian civil war spillover in Lebanon Ahmed Al-Assir
  • Syrian civil war spillover in Lebanon Abu Tarek al-Saadi
  • Syrian civil war spillover in Lebanon Islam al-Shahal
  • Syrian civil war spillover in Lebanon Bilal Badr[53]
  • Syrian civil war spillover in Lebanon Majed al-Majed †
  • Syrian civil war spillover in Lebanon Ziad Alloukeh (POW)
  • Syrian civil war spillover in Lebanon Naim Abbas (POW)[46]
  • Syrian civil war spillover in Lebanon Abu Firas al-Jibba †
  • Syrian civil war spillover in Lebanon Jamal Husayn Zayniyah (Al-Nusra Front operations commander in the Qalamoun)[54]
  • Syrian civil war spillover in Lebanon Ahmad Mohammad Ammoun (POW)[55]
  • Syrian civil war spillover in Lebanon Abu Fouz †[56]
  • Syrian civil war spillover in Lebanon Imad Yassin (POW)[57]
  • Syrian civil war spillover in Lebanon Ahmad Youssef Ammoun (POW)[58]
Strength
12,000 soldiers mobilized[59]

1,500–4,000+ fighters[60][61]

7,000 fighters[62]
Casualties and losses
61 soldiers killed (See here.) In clashes with Lebanese Army:
500+ killed
700+ captured
(Lebanese Army claim)[62]
In clashes with Hezbollah:
Unknown
~350 civilians killed[63]
a The al-Nusra Front closely cooperated with ISIL between 2013 and 2014, were considered "frenemies" in 2015,[64] and became embroiled in open conflict with it in 2017.[citation needed]

Between 2011 and 2017, fighting from the Syrian civil war spilled over into Lebanon as opponents and supporters of the Syrian Arab Republic traveled to Lebanon to fight and attack each other on Lebanese soil. The Syrian conflict stoked a resurgence of sectarian violence in Lebanon,[65] with many of Lebanon's Sunni Muslims supporting the rebels in Syria, while many of Lebanon's Shi'a Muslims supporting the Ba'athist government of Bashar Al-Assad, whose Alawite minority is usually described as a heterodox offshoot of Shi'ism.[66] Killings, unrest and sectarian kidnappings across Lebanon resulted.[67]

The conflict arose in mid-2011, seven people were killed and 59 wounded in a fight between gunmen in Tripoli. In May 2012, the conflict spread to Beirut, and later to south and east Lebanon, while the Lebanese Armed Forces deployed in north Lebanon and Beirut. As of January 2016, there had been more than 800 fatalities and almost 3,000 injuries. Among Lebanon's political blocs, the Saudi-backed anti-Syrian March 14 Alliance supports the Syrian opposition, and the Iranian-backed pro-Syrian March 8 Alliance supports the Assad government. On 28 August 2017, the last remaining fighters of IS and Tahrir al-Sham withdrew from Lebanon.

  1. ^ "Australia grants Lebanese Army helicopter parts". The Daily Star. 2 February 2016. Archived from the original on 15 February 2016. Retrieved 19 February 2016.
  2. ^ "UK, Canada Sign Partnership Agreement to Help Lebanese Army". Naharnet. 2 March 2016. Archived from the original on 24 April 2016. Retrieved 12 April 2016.
  3. ^ "Lebanese Army receives second weapons shipment from China". The Daily Star. 16 July 2015. Archived from the original on 24 January 2016. Retrieved 19 February 2016.
  4. ^ Agency, National News. "Bassil thanks Cypriot counterpart for contribution to Lebanese Army". Archived from the original on 10 June 2016. Retrieved 22 December 2016.
  5. ^ "Lebanon is the only country that defeated Islamic State, declared Czech FM". Archived from the original on 9 May 2016. Retrieved 29 May 2016.
  6. ^ "Egypt ready to assist Lebanon against jihadis". The Daily Star. 5 December 2014. Retrieved 18 February 2016.[dead link]
  7. ^ a b c "Saudis give $1bn to Lebanon amid fighting". Al Jazeera English. Archived from the original on 8 August 2014. Retrieved 12 August 2014.
  8. ^ Joseph A. Kechichian Senior Writer. "Aid packages reaffirm importance of Lebanese army". GulfNews. Archived from the original on 30 May 2016. Retrieved 29 May 2016.
  9. ^ Naylor, Hugh (4 November 2014). "Rivals Tehran, Riyadh pledge billions to Lebanon's army". Washington Post. Archived from the original on 6 March 2016. Retrieved 19 February 2016.
  10. ^ "Italy donates spare equipment, parts to Lebanese Army". Lebanese Examiner. 14 February 2015. Archived from the original on 22 April 2016. Retrieved 29 May 2016.
  11. ^ "Jordan sends military aid to Lebanon: Army". Al-Ahram. 24 February 2015. Archived from the original on 11 September 2015. Retrieved 12 April 2016.
  12. ^ "Dutch support for Lebanon in the fight against armed extremism". 3 October 2014. Archived from the original on 21 December 2016. Retrieved 29 May 2016.
  13. ^ "Machnouk discusses security cooperation in Russia". The Daily Star. 20 September 2014. Archived from the original on 20 September 2014. Retrieved 20 September 2014.
  14. ^ "China, S.Korea, Jordan offer to help equip Lebanese Army". The Daily Star Newspaper – Lebanon. Archived from the original on 13 June 2016. Retrieved 29 May 2016.
  15. ^ "Spain pledges to help Lebanon over Syria crisis". Daily Star Lebanon. 24 November 2015. Archived from the original on 3 December 2015. Retrieved 29 December 2015.
  16. ^ "Turkey Willing to Provide $1.1 Million Military Aid to Lebanon". Naharnet. 20 February 2016. Archived from the original on 23 April 2016. Retrieved 12 April 2016.
  17. ^ "The British watchtowers beating back jihadists". The Telegraph. 30 November 2014. Archived from the original on 9 April 2018. Retrieved 5 April 2018.
  18. ^ "Islamic State crisis: UK gives £20m to keep Lebanon safe". BBC. 1 December 2014. Archived from the original on 4 July 2018. Retrieved 21 June 2018.
  19. ^ a b "Sectarian clash erupts south of Beirut". NOW News. 1 July 2015. Archived from the original on 7 August 2017. Retrieved 7 August 2017.
  20. ^ "Report: Clashes between Palestinian Group, Nusra Front in Bekaa". Naharnet. 22 October 2014. Archived from the original on 4 April 2016. Retrieved 15 February 2016.
  21. ^ "Reports of Amal Movement sending fighters to Syria". Syria Direct. 11 May 2015. Archived from the original on 11 March 2016. Retrieved 15 February 2016.
  22. ^ "The SSNP 'Hurricane' in the Syrian Conflict: Syria and South Lebanon Are the Same Battlefield". Al Akhbar. 3 February 2014. Archived from the original on 27 September 2016. Retrieved 18 February 2016.
  23. ^ "Double displacement: Palestinians flee violence in Syria, then Lebanon". The Electronic Intifada. 3 September 2015. Archived from the original on 24 April 2016. Retrieved 12 April 2016.
  24. ^ "Gunfight in Sidon between Assir and local rivals wounds five". The Daily Star. 9 August 2012. Archived from the original on 23 August 2012. Retrieved 25 August 2012.
  25. ^ "7 Palestinians wounded in Lebanon camp clashes". Ma'an News Agency. 14 May 2014. Archived from the original on 29 June 2016. Retrieved 1 May 2016.
  26. ^ "Palestinian commander shot dead in refugee camp". Al-Araby Al-Jadeed. 28 January 2016. Archived from the original on 7 May 2016. Retrieved 3 May 2016.
  27. ^ Kullab, Samya. "Jabal Mohsen leaderless and exposed, locals say". The Daily Star. Archived from the original on 2 March 2016. Retrieved 6 March 2016.
  28. ^ "Lebanon – At the Crossroads". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 4 January 2021.
  29. ^ Engel, Andrew (21 May 2012). "Syria's crisis reaches Beirut". The Washington Institute for Near East Policy. Archived from the original on 5 May 2016. Retrieved 17 April 2016.
  30. ^ "Syrian air strikes kill three near Lebanese border". Reuters. 28 February 2014. Archived from the original on 5 July 2015. Retrieved 4 July 2015.
  31. ^ "Hezbollah says gets support, not orders, from Iran". Reuters. 7 February 2012. Archived from the original on 15 October 2015. Retrieved 2 July 2017.
  32. ^ "Russia Is Arming Hezbollah, Say Two of the Group's Field Commanders". The Daily Beast. 11 January 2016. Archived from the original on 14 February 2016. Retrieved 18 February 2016.
  33. ^ "Lebanese communist fighters gear up to battle ISIL". Al-Jazeera. 20 September 2015. Archived from the original on 22 September 2015. Retrieved 20 September 2015.
  34. ^ "Renewed fighting in Lebanon Palestinian refugee camp kills one". Reuters. 2 April 2016. Archived from the original on 5 June 2017. Retrieved 2 July 2017.
  35. ^ "Fattah colonel killed in Lebanon's largest refugee camp". Al Arabiya. 25 July 2015. Archived from the original on 28 July 2015. Retrieved 19 April 2016.
  36. ^ "FSA 'Arsal Commander' Shot Dead in Town's Square". Naharnet. 14 August 2015. Archived from the original on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 23 February 2016.
  37. ^ "Last rebel faction leaves mountains on Syrian-Lebanese border alongside displaced". Syria Direct. 14 August 2017. Archived from the original on 19 August 2017. Retrieved 23 August 2017.
  38. ^ "Jaish al-Islam confronts Islamic State in Arsal". Al-Monitor. 5 February 2015. Archived from the original on 6 February 2015.
  39. ^ "Islamist Mergers in Syria: Ahrar al-Sham Swallows Suqour al-Sham". Carnegie Middle East Center. Archived from the original on 22 March 2016. Retrieved 2 February 2017.
  40. ^ Khatib, Lina. "Regional Spillover: Lebanon and the Syrian Conflict". Carnegie Middle East Center. Retrieved 16 February 2021.
  41. ^ "Syria Islamist factions, including former al Qaeda branch, join forces – statement". Thomson Reuters Foundation. 28 January 2017. Archived from the original on 2 February 2017. Retrieved 1 February 2017.
  42. ^ Abu Amer, Adnan (4 September 2015). "Palestinian refugee camp in Lebanon becomes battlefield for Fatah-Islamist conflict". Al-Monitor. Archived from the original on 22 April 2016. Retrieved 17 April 2016.
  43. ^ Masi, Alessandria (12 April 2016). "Palestinian Fatah Leader Killed In Lebanon Refugee Camp Bomb". International Business Times. Archived from the original on 15 April 2016. Retrieved 17 April 2016.
  44. ^ Jesse Marks (10 August 2017). "Preventing Forced Return in Lebanon and the Greater Levant". The Stimson Center. Archived from the original on 11 August 2017. Retrieved 23 August 2017.
  45. ^ Wood, Josh (4 April 2012). "Syria War Triggers Rifts in Palestinian Camps in Lebanon". New York Times. Archived from the original on 4 August 2017. Retrieved 28 February 2017.
  46. ^ a b "Lebanon arrests top al-Qaeda linked fighter". Al-Jazeera. 12 February 2014. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 18 April 2016.
  47. ^ Abu Amer, Adnan (15 June 2015). "Hamas working to lower tensions in Lebanese camps". Al-Monitor. Archived from the original on 25 March 2016. Retrieved 17 April 2016.
  48. ^ ""Sunni Resistance Committees in Lebanon" Releases Video on Arsal Attack". SITE Intelligence Group. 16 October 2015. Archived from the original on 4 August 2017. Retrieved 23 February 2016.
  49. ^ "Palestinians vow to disband Islamist group in volatile Lebanese camp". Reuters. 11 April 2017. Archived from the original on 11 October 2017. Retrieved 15 September 2017.
  50. ^ a b "Islamic State prepares to evacuate Syria-Lebanon border zone". Reuters. 28 August 2017. Archived from the original on 3 September 2017. Retrieved 15 September 2017.
  51. ^ "Free Sunnis of Baalbek Brigade pledges allegiance to IS caliphate". Ya Libnan. 30 June 2014. Archived from the original on 24 February 2016. Retrieved 23 February 2016.
  52. ^ Ensor, Josie (29 August 2017). "Isil fighters bussed from Lebanon-Syria border after first deal to surrender". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 6 May 2018. Retrieved 5 April 2018.
  53. ^ "Who is behind new round of violence in Lebanon refugee camp?". Al-Monitor. 13 April 2017. Archived from the original on 7 August 2017. Retrieved 7 August 2017.
  54. ^ "U.S. Treasury sanctions four al Nusra Front leaders". Reuters. 10 November 2016. Archived from the original on 10 May 2017. Retrieved 2 July 2017.
  55. ^ "Lebanese Army's Good Catch in Arsal: Senior ISIL Commander". Al-Manar. 23 February 2016. Archived from the original on 27 April 2016. Retrieved 18 April 2016.
  56. ^ "ISIS Leader, Security Official, Killed In Lebanese Army Raid". International Business Times. 28 April 2016. Archived from the original on 2 June 2016. Retrieved 29 May 2016.
  57. ^ "Lebanese security forces arrest ISIS Emir in Lebanon". Al-Masdar News. 22 September 2016. Archived from the original on 23 September 2016. Retrieved 22 September 2016.
  58. ^ "Lebanese Army Arrests Senior ISIL Commander, other Terrorists in Arsal Barrens". Archived from the original on 20 December 2016. Retrieved 19 December 2016.
  59. ^ "Syrian Islamist rebels 'withdraw from Lebanese town after truce'". BBC News. 7 August 2014. Archived from the original on 4 October 2014. Retrieved 16 November 2014.
  60. ^ "All-out battle in Qalamoun has not yet started". The Daily Star Newspaper – Lebanon. Archived from the original on 14 May 2015. Retrieved 12 May 2015.
  61. ^ "Hizbullah Fighters Escort Journalists on Tour of Qalamoun Mountains". Naharnet. Archived from the original on 18 May 2015. Retrieved 12 May 2015.
  62. ^ a b "Lebanese army slowly crushing extremists near Syria border - The Washington Post". The Washington Post. 24 June 2016. Archived from the original on 24 June 2016.
  63. ^ 300+ civilians killed in Lebanon (see here), 42 civilians killed within Syria (See here.)
  64. ^ Sulome Anderson (21 June 2015). "ISIS Is Trying to Take Over Lebanon. This Christian Village Is on the Front Lines". New York. Archived from the original on 2 July 2017. Retrieved 27 July 2017.
  65. ^ Holmes, Oliver (23 August 2013). "Bombs kill 42 outside mosques in Lebanon's Tripoli". Reuters. Archived from the original on 29 August 2013. Retrieved 30 August 2013.
  66. ^ Bassam, Laila (15 August 2013). "Car bomb kills 20 in Hezbollah's Beirut stronghold". Reuters. Archived from the original on 25 August 2013. Retrieved 30 August 2013.
  67. ^ Anderson, Sulome (6 September 2013). "The Syrian War Is Creating a Massive Kidnapping Crisis in Lebanon". The Atlantic. Retrieved 15 October 2019.

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