Swedish overseas trade during World War II information
From the German capture of Denmark and Norway, the Swedish overseas trade during World War II was mainly blocked by the battle of the Atlantic, but Swedish diplomats convinced Germany and the United Kingdom to let through a few vessels, mainly to the United States until their entrance into the war, and neutral countries in Latin America. These transports, called lejdtrafiken, "the safe conduct traffic", were monitored by both powers, and ten of them were sunk during the war. Sweden mainly imported petroleum products and agricultural produce, and exported wood products. Overall, petrol imports to Sweden greatly decreased, and substitute fuels were found.[1]
Sweden traded considerable goods with Germany during the war, particularly iron, iron products, ball bearings, and trucks. Though Sweden purchased American manufactured military aircraft early in the war, sales became prohibited by the US government in 1940. As a result Sweden bought 200 planes from Italy instead. As the war progressed, strategic products such as rubber and metals were prohibited.[2]
Import from Sweden to the United Kingdom was organised in several blockade-running operations such as Operation Rubble (January 1941), Operation Performance (March 1942) and Operation Bridford (October 1943 to March 1944).[3] Historian Christian Leitz says that Sweden violated their neutrality by offering the United Kingdom ball bearings at a discount. In 1938 SKF only charged the UK 74% of what they charged Germany and in 1943 only 68%,[4][5][page needed][6] whereas historian Eric Bernard Golson says that neutral powers such as Sweden maintained their neutrality and independence by offering economic concessions to the wartime powers to make up for their relative military weakness.[7]
^Hägglöf, M. Gunnar. "A Test of Neutrality: Sweden in the Second World War." International Affairs (1960): 153-167.
^Christian Leitz (2000). Nazi Germany and Neutral Europe During the Second World War. Manchester University Press. p. 64ff. ISBN 978-071905-068-8.
^Did Swedish Ball Bearings Keep the Second World War Going? Re‐evaluating Neutral Sweden’s Role
^RA UDA/1920ds/HP64Ua/2897, file marked “Juli 1943 – Mars 31 1944,” table marked “SKF:s Totalexport Exkl. Maskiner och Gängtappar under Aren 1938 ‐ 1942,” dated 19 July 1943
^Golson, Eric Bernard. The Economics of Neutrality: Spain, Sweden and Switzerland in the Second World War(PDF). The London School of Economics and Political Science.
^Leitz, Christian (2000). Nazi Germany and Neutral Europe During the Second World War. Manchester University Press. p. 75. ISBN 978-071905-068-8.
^Golson, Eric Bernard. The Economics of Neutrality: Spain, Sweden and Switzerland in the Second World War(PDF). The London School of Economics and Political Science. page 3.
and 26 Related for: Swedish overseas trade during World War II information
Denmark and Norway, the SwedishoverseastradeduringWorldWarII was mainly blocked by the battle of the Atlantic, but Swedish diplomats convinced Germany...
Mexico's participation in WorldWarII had its first antecedent in the diplomatic efforts made by the government before the League of Nations as a result...
war. WorldWarII was a total war; homeland military production became vital to both the Allied and Axis powers. Life on the home front duringWorld War...
The history of Canada duringWorldWarII begins with the German invasion of Poland on 1 September 1939. While the Canadian Armed Forces were eventually...
and in Swedish political circles, Sweden did not enter the war on the German side. Instead, Sweden retained armed neutrality and continued to trade with...
In WorldWarII, many governments, organizations and individuals collaborated with the Axis powers, "out of conviction, desperation, or under coercion...
worth 200,000 US dollars. 1 million Vietnamese were starved to death duringWorldWarII according to Thomas U. Berger. 2 billion US dollars worth (1945 values)...
especially those born after WorldWarII, understand and speak English, owing to trade links, the popularity of overseas travel, a strong Anglo-American...
home front duringWorldWarII played a significant role in the Allied victory and led to permanent changes to Australian society. During the war the Government...
The causes of WorldWarII have been given considerable attention by historians. The immediate precipitating event was the invasion of Poland by Nazi Germany...
The Swedish slave trade mainly occurred in the early history of Sweden when the trade of thralls (Old Norse: þræll) was one of the pillars of the Norse...
^BA SwedenDuring the Winter war of 1939–40 the Swedish Volunteer Corps served with the Finnish Armed Forces and lost 28 men in combat. 33 Swedish sailors...
co-operation. Sweden followed a policy of armed neutrality duringWorldWarII, although thousands of Swedish volunteers fought in the Winter War with Finland...
English overseas settlements were established in Ireland, followed by others in North America, Bermuda, and the West Indies, and by trading posts called...
Colonial War (Portuguese: Guerra Colonial Portuguesa), also known in Portugal as the OverseasWar (Guerra do Ultramar) or in the former colonies as the War of...
part in WorldWarII from 3 September 1939 until 15 August 1945. At the beginning of the war in 1939, London was the largest city in the world, with 8...
Australia entered WorldWarII on 3 September 1939, following the government's acceptance of the United Kingdom's declaration of war on Nazi Germany. Australia...
guarantor of world peace. Their members were called the Four Powers duringWorldWarII and were the four major Allies of WorldWarII: the United Kingdom...
The Swedish Empire (Swedish: stormaktstiden, "the Era of Great Power") was the period in Swedish history spanning much of the 17th and early 18th centuries...
diplomatic history of WorldWarII includes the major foreign policies and interactions inside the opposing coalitions, the Allies of WorldWarII and the Axis...
declared war on the Swedish Empire and launched a threefold attack on Swedish Holstein-Gottorp, Swedish Livonia, and Swedish Ingria. Sweden parried the...