Surface rupture caused by normal faulting along the Lost River Fault, during the 1983 Borah Peak earthquake
In seismology, surface rupture (or ground rupture, or ground displacement) is the visible offset of the ground surface when an earthquake rupture along a fault affects the Earth's surface. Surface rupture is opposed by buried rupture, where there is no displacement at ground level. This is a major risk to any structure that is built across a fault zone that may be active, in addition to any risk from ground shaking.[1] Surface rupture entails vertical or horizontal movement, on either side of a ruptured fault. Surface rupture can affect large areas of land.[2]
^"What is Surface Rupture". USGS. Retrieved 2018-10-19.
^"Surface rupture can be caused by vertical or horizontal displacement". 2018-10-19.
seismology, surfacerupture (or ground rupture, or ground displacement) is the visible offset of the ground surface when an earthquake rupture along a fault...
affect Turkey along the North Anatolian Fault between 1939 and 1999. Surfacerupturing, with a horizontal displacement of up to 3.7 meters, occurred in a...
existing fault. A tectonic earthquake begins by an initial rupture at a point on the fault surface, a process known as nucleation. The scale of the nucleation...
Kul, a complex zone of surfacerupture was identified by fieldwork immediately following the earthquake. Two main zones of rupture were noted, one complex...
Boncukgöze could be associated with the 1866 Bingöl earthquake (Mw 7.1) surfacerupture. This segment has not experienced a major earthquake since 1866. The...
last of those events, near the 5:20 mark on the seismograph record. A surfacerupture was formed during the earthquake of 40–60 km (25–37 mi), with a maximum...
was created by the earthquake as the surfacerupture offset the channel of the Dajia River. The total surfacerupture was about 100 km in length. Damage...
earthquake struck with a focal depth of 11.1 km (6.9 mi). The zone of surfacerupture was assigned a maximum Modified Mercalli intensity (MMI) of VII (Very...
mechanism corresponding to strike-slip. The earthquake produced an onshore surfacerupture 30 km along the Guinayangan segment of the Philippine Fault. It also...
high-rise buildings. This earthquake was associated with the longest surfacerupture ever recorded on land, ~450 km. The Kunlun fault is one of the major...
45 km (28 mi) long fault rupture along the Denali fault, but aerial reconnaissance could not locate a surfacerupture. This rupture extends to 10 km (6.2 mi)...
rupture dimensions less than the depth of the focus so the rupture doesn't break the surface, but in high magnitude, destructive earthquakes, surface...
Clear surface faulting was observed on farmland; at the paddy fields 16 km (9.9 mi) southeast of the epicenter, 2 km (1.2 mi) of surfacerupture was mapped...
result of normal faulting along a northwest-dipping fault and produced surfaceruptures. Extensive damage was reported in Kalamata and Elaiochori. At least...
lines running right through them had only a few houses damaged. The surfacerupture zone, which was between 1–4 kilometres (0.62–2.49 mi) wide, stretched...
kilometres (1.2 mi) in Anonang. In this barangay, surfacerupture trends 40 degrees northeast. The surfacerupture manifested as prominent fault scarps, which...
instrumental period, but paleoseismology indicates that its last surfacerupturing event occurred in the early 19th century, and that comparable earthquakes...
R.; Dimitroy, D. (2002). "Active faulting in SW Bulgaria: possible surfacerupture of the 1904 Struma earthquakes". Geophysical Journal International...
and Meknes. A seismic rupture was also reported but poorly documented. During a field survey of the area in 2017, surfaceruptures were identified along...
produce a visible offset in the ground along the fault (as opposed to a surfacerupture earthquake, which does). When the fault in question is a thrust fault...
(147 mi) of surfacerupture along the Haiyuan Fault with a maximum horizontal offset of 6.5 m (21 ft) in the middle section of the rupture zone. The earthquake...
Susanne; Sedov, Boris; Hindle, David (2019-04-25). "The Ulakhan fault surfacerupture and the seismicity of the Okhotsk–North America plate boundary". Solid...
offsets (such as fences or roads that had been sliced in half) along surfaceruptures. When the location of these offsets were plotted on a map, he noted...
emerging upward. It can be suggested from the absence of distinct surfacerupture both during the 1956 Anjar earthquake and 2001 Bhuj earthquake, that...
tests are negative. Trauma, such as a road traffic collision, can cause rupture of the spleen, which is a situation requiring immediate medical attention...
buried rupture earthquake, if a buried rupture earthquake is not specifically about the fault, but signs the earthquake leaves, on the Earth's surface. Blind...
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