The genome and proteins of HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) have been the subject of extensive research since the discovery of the virus in 1983.[1][2] "In the search for the causative agent, it was initially believed that the virus was a form of the Human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV), which was known at the time to affect the human immune system and cause certain leukemias. However, researchers at the Pasteur Institute in Paris isolated a previously unknown and genetically distinct retrovirus in patients with AIDS which was later named HIV."[3] Each virion comprises a viral envelope and associated matrix enclosing a capsid, which itself encloses two copies of the single-stranded RNA genome and several enzymes. The discovery of the virus itself occurred two years following the report of the first major cases of AIDS-associated illnesses.[4][5]
^Barré-Sinoussi F, Chermann JC, Rey F, Nugeyre MT, Chamaret S, Gruest J, Dauguet C, Axler-Blin C, Vézinet-Brun F, Rouzioux C, Rozenbaum W, Montagnier L (May 1983). "Isolation of a T-lymphotropic retrovirus from a patient at risk for acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)". Science. 220 (4599): 868–71. Bibcode:1983Sci...220..868B. doi:10.1126/science.6189183. PMID 6189183. S2CID 390173.
^Gallo RC, Sarin PS, Gelmann EP, Robert-Guroff M, Richardson E, Kalyanaraman VS, Mann D, Sidhu GD, Stahl RE, Zolla-Pazner S, Leibowitch J, Popovic M (May 1983). "Isolation of human T-cell leukemia virus in acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)". Science. 220 (4599): 865–7. Bibcode:1983Sci...220..865G. doi:10.1126/science.6601823. PMID 6601823.
^Churi C, Ross MW (2015). "Hiv/Aids". In Whelehan P, Bolin A (eds.). The international encyclopedia of human sexuality. Wiley. ISBN 9781405190060. OCLC 949701914.
^Centers for Disease Control (June 1981). "Pneumocystis pneumonia--Los Angeles". MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. 30 (21): 250–2. PMID 6265753.
^Centers for Disease Control (CDC) (July 1981). "Kaposi's sarcoma and Pneumocystis pneumonia among homosexual men--New York City and California" (PDF). MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. 30 (25): 305–8. PMID 6789108. Archived from the original on October 22, 2012. Retrieved September 15, 2017.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
and 21 Related for: Structure and genome of HIV information
The genomeand proteins ofHIV (human immunodeficiency virus) have been the subject of extensive research since the discovery of the virus in 1983. "In...
Two RNA genomes are encapsidated in each HIV-1 particle (see StructureandgenomeofHIV). Upon infection and replication catalyzed by reverse transcriptase...
used to convert RNA genome to DNA , a process termed reverse transcription. Reverse transcriptases are used by viruses such as HIVand hepatitis B to replicate...
the viral genomeand host genome; the lipid membrane itself and any carbohydrates present originate entirely from the host. Influenza virus, HIV (which causes...
domains and 2-domain constructs of integrases from HIV-1, HIV-2, SIV, and Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV) have been reported, with the first structures determined...
element of many retroviruses. DIS is characterized by a conserved stem and palindromic loop that forms a kissing-loop complex between HIV-1 RNA genomes to...
in microbial abundance. The pattern of natural selection in the monkey genome in genes involved in HIV responses and those regulated in response to experimental...
exposed on the surface of the HIV envelope. It was discovered by Professors Tun-Hou Lee and Myron "Max" Essex of the Harvard School of Public Health in 1984...
replication cycle ofHIV-1 and other retroviruses is the integration of this viral DNA into the host DNA. The RNA genomeof progeny virions and the template...
The LTR ofHIV is positively auto regulated by the Tat (transcription activator) protein, which is found towards the 3' end of the HIVgenome. Without...
subtypes ofHIV include two main subtypes, known as HIV type 1 (HIV-1) andHIV type 2 (HIV-2). These subtypes have distinct genetic differences and are associated...
retrovirus is a type of virus that inserts a DNA copy of its RNA genome into the DNA of a host cell that it invades, thus changing the genomeof that cell. After...
S2CID 4206886. "Virology – Human Immunodeficiency Virus And Aids, Structure: The GenomeAnd Proteins ofHIV". Pathmicro.med.sc.edu. 1 July 2010. Retrieved 27...
of the DNA structure DNA from the Beginning Another DNA Learning Center site on DNA, genes, and heredity from Mendel to the human genome project. The...
double-stranded DNA genome. Their name derives from their initial isolation from human adenoids in 1953. They have a broad range of vertebrate hosts; in...
gene. The structureofHIV capsid was determined by X-ray crystallography and cryo-electron microscopy. The p24 capsid protein consists of two domains:...
The HIV-1 Rev response element (RRE) is a highly structured, ~350 nucleotide RNA segment present in the Env coding region of unspliced and partially spliced...
infected with HIV or treat HIV-infected individuals. It is thought that an HIV vaccine could either induce an immune response against HIV (active vaccination...
cis-acting RNA element identified in the genomesof the retroviruses Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV). It is...
Genome editing, or genome engineering, or gene editing, is a type of genetic engineering in which DNA is inserted, deleted, modified or replaced in the...
maximizing the storage capacity of their genome. Thus, many viruses (including HIV-1) are categorized as having a polycistronic genome, meaning they employ multiple...
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