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Structural composite supercapacitors are multifunctional materials that can both bear mechanical load and store electrical energy.[1] That when combined with structural batteries, could potentially enable an overall weight reduction of electric vehicles.
Typically, structural composite supercapacitors are based on the design of carbon fiber reinforced polymers.[2] Carbon fibrers act as mechanical reinforcement, current collectors, and eventually electrodes.
The matrix of a Structural composite supercapacitor is a polymer electrolyte that transfers load via shear mechanisms between the carbon fibers and has a reasonable ionic conductivity.[3]
In a supercapacitor, the specific capacitance is proportional to the exact surface area of the electrodes.[4] Structural carbon fibers usually have low specific surface area, and is therefore necessary to modify their surface to enable sufficient energy storage ability.[5] To increase the surface area of the structural electrodes, several methods have been employed, mainly consisting in the modification of the surface of the carbon fiber itself, or by coating the carbon fiber through a material which covers its entire surface area.
Physical and chemical activation of the carbon fibers have increased their specific surface area by two orders of magnitude without damaging their mechanical properties, but have limited energy storage ability when combined with a structural polymer electrolyte.[6] Coating carbon fibers with carbon nanotubes,[7] carbon aerogel,[8] or graphene nanoplatelets[9] allowed for higher energy densities.
^US 8659874, Shaffer, Milo; Greenhalgh, Emile & Bismarck, Alexander et al., "Energy storage device", published 2014-02-25, assigned to Imperial Innovations Ltd.
^Nguyen, Phuong-Anh T.; Snyder, James (2008-10-03). "Multifunctional Properties of Structural Gel Electrolytes". ECS Transactions. 11 (32): 73–83. Bibcode:2008ECSTr..11F..73N. doi:10.1149/1.2992495. ISSN 1938-5862. S2CID 98505434.
^Burke, Andrew (November 2000). "Ultracapacitors: why, how, and where is the technology". Journal of Power Sources. 91 (1): 37–50. Bibcode:2000JPS....91...37B. doi:10.1016/S0378-7753(00)00485-7. S2CID 12394674.
^Snyder, James F.; Wong, Emma L.; Hubbard, Clifford W. (2009). "Evaluation of Commercially Available Carbon Fibers, Fabrics, and Papers for Potential Use in Multifunctional Energy Storage Applications". Journal of the Electrochemical Society. 156 (3): A215. Bibcode:2009JElS..156A.215S. doi:10.1149/1.3065070.
^Qian, Hui; Diao, Hele; Shirshova, Natasha; Greenhalgh, Emile S.; Steinke, Joachim G.H.; Shaffer, Milo S.P.; Bismarck, Alexander (April 2013). "Activation of structural carbon fibres for potential applications in multifunctional structural supercapacitors". Journal of Colloid and Interface Science. 395: 241–248. Bibcode:2013JCIS..395..241Q. doi:10.1016/j.jcis.2012.12.015. PMID 23312580.
^Shirshova, Natasha; Qian, Hui; Houllé, Matthieu; Steinke, Joachim H. G.; Kucernak, Anthony R. J.; Fontana, Quentin P. V.; Greenhalgh, Emile S.; Bismarck, Alexander; Shaffer, Milo S. P. (2014). "Multifunctional structural energy storage composite supercapacitors". Faraday Discuss. 172: 81–103. Bibcode:2014FaDi..172...81S. doi:10.1039/C4FD00055B. hdl:10044/1/19256. ISSN 1359-6640. PMID 25427162.
^Qi, Guocheng; Nguyen, Sang; Anthony, David B; Kucernak, Anthony R J; Shaffer, Milo S P; Greenhalgh, Emile S (2021-09-01). "The influence of fabrication parameters on the electrochemical performance of multifunctional structural supercapacitors". Multifunctional Materials. 4 (3): 034001. Bibcode:2021MuMat...4c4001Q. doi:10.1088/2399-7532/ac1ea6. hdl:10044/1/97587. ISSN 2399-7532. S2CID 237369927.
Structuralcompositesupercapacitors are multifunctional materials that can both bear mechanical load and store electrical energy. That when combined with...
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MXene-carbon nanomaterials composite films is also devised. These composites show better rate performance at high scan rates in supercapacitors. The insertion of...
used for the fabrication of the next generation of energy storage, supercapacitors, field emission transistors, high-performance catalysis, photovoltaics...
dental filling materials. Composite electrolyte materials for applications such as solid-state lithium batteries or supercapacitors. Proton conducting membranes...
nanolasers and supercapacitors. Research is ongoing to synthesise more productive and successful nanostructures from ZnO and other composites. ZnO nanostructures...
Journal of Nanomaterials, "Aerogel supercapacitors can have a very low impedance compared to normal supercapacitors and can absorb or produce very high...
Ni-Co-S composite materials have been shown to have both high specific capacity in Li-based batteries and high capacitance in supercapacitors. (Ni,Co)3S4...
graphene quantum dots from coal, gas barrier composites, graphene nanoribbon deicing films, supercapacitors and battery device structures, and water splitting...
PVDF is also used as a binder component for the carbon electrode in supercapacitors and for other electrochemical applications. PVDF is sold under a variety...
Kataja M (2011). Structural Characterisation of Kraft Pulp Fibres and Their Nanofibrillated Materials for Biodegradable Composite Applications. InTech...
University has investigated the use of novel composite materials made from flax fibre to improve supercapacitor performance. New Zealand Flax was cultivated...
for Fuel Cell Catalysis, and Nanomaterials in Advanced Batteries and Supercapacitors. Ozoemena became a Fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry (FRSC)...
S2CID 249654979. Brunetti P (2020). "Nanodiamond-Based Separators for Supercapacitors Realized on Paper Substrates". Energy Technology. 6 (8). doi:10.1002/ente...
Company has patented the use of carbon nanotubes for structural health monitoring of composites used in aircraft structures. This technology will greatly...
electroactive material in the composites, which improves electrochemical behavior. It also prevents the irreversible structural changes made by redox cycling...
underway with Sony continuing their strides into the nanobattery field. Supercapacitor Nanoelectronics Nanotechnology List of battery types Swenson, Gayle...
performance. This has similarly been adapted into applications in supercapacitors, since the electronic properties of graphene oxide allow it to bypass...
(30 January 2024). "Sustainable high-energy supercapacitors: Metal oxide-agricultural waste biochar composites paving the way for a greener future". Journal...
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