Polymer of glucose and structural component of cell wall of plants and green algae
Cellulose[1]
Identifiers
CAS Number
9004-34-6Y
ChEMBL
ChEMBL2109009N
ChemSpider
None
ECHA InfoCard
100.029.692
EC Number
232-674-9
E number
E460 (thickeners, ...)
KEGG
C00760
PubChem CID
14055602
UNII
SMD1X3XO9MY
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
DTXSID3050492
Properties
Chemical formula
(C 12H 20O 10) n
Molar mass
162.1406 g/mol per glucose unit
Appearance
white powder
Density
1.5 g/cm3
Melting point
260–270 °C; 500–518 °F; 533–543 K Decomposes[2]
Solubility in water
none
Thermochemistry
Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfH⦵298)
−963,000 kJ/mol[clarification needed]
Std enthalpy of combustion (ΔcH⦵298)
−2828,000 kJ/mol[clarification needed]
Hazards
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)
1
1
0
NIOSH (US health exposure limits):
PEL (Permissible)
TWA 15 mg/m3 (total) TWA 5 mg/m3 (resp)[2]
REL (Recommended)
TWA 10 mg/m3 (total) TWA 5 mg/m3 (resp)[2]
IDLH (Immediate danger)
N.D.[2]
Related compounds
Related compounds
Starch
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
Nverify (what is YN ?)
Infobox references
Chemical compound
Cellulose is an organic compound with the formula (C 6H 10O 5) n, a polysaccharide consisting of a linear chain of several hundred to many thousands of β(1→4) linked D-glucose units.[3][4] Cellulose is an important structural component of the primary cell wall of green plants, many forms of algae and the oomycetes. Some species of bacteria secrete it to form biofilms.[5] Cellulose is the most abundant organic polymer on Earth.[6] The cellulose content of cotton fiber is 90%, that of wood is 40–50%, and that of dried hemp is approximately 57%.[7][8][9]
Cellulose is mainly used to produce paperboard and paper. Smaller quantities are converted into a wide variety of derivative products such as cellophane and rayon. Conversion of cellulose from energy crops into biofuels such as cellulosic ethanol is under development as a renewable fuel source. Cellulose for industrial use is mainly obtained from wood pulp and cotton.[6] Cellulose is also greatly affected by direct interaction with several organic liquids.[10]
Some animals, particularly ruminants and termites, can digest cellulose with the help of symbiotic micro-organisms that live in their guts, such as Trichonympha. In human nutrition, cellulose is a non-digestible constituent of insoluble dietary fiber, acting as a hydrophilic bulking agent for feces and potentially aiding in defecation.
^Nishiyama Y, Langan P, Chanzy H (2002). "Crystal Structure and Hydrogen-Bonding System in Cellulose Iβ from Synchrotron X-ray and Neutron Fiber Diffraction". J. Am. Chem. Soc. 124 (31): 9074–9082. doi:10.1021/ja0257319. PMID 12149011.
^ abcdNIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. "#0110". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
^Crawford, R. L. (1981). Lignin biodegradation and transformation. New York: John Wiley and Sons. ISBN 978-0-471-05743-7.
^Updegraff D. M. (1969). "Semimicro determination of cellulose in biological materials". Analytical Biochemistry. 32 (3): 420–424. doi:10.1016/S0003-2697(69)80009-6. PMID 5361396.
^Romeo T (2008). Bacterial biofilms. Berlin: Springer. pp. 258–263. ISBN 978-3-540-75418-3.
^ abKlemm D, Heublein, Brigitte, Fink, Hans-Peter, Bohn, Andreas (2005). "Cellulose: Fascinating Biopolymer and Sustainable Raw Material". Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 44 (22): 3358–3393. doi:10.1002/anie.200460587. PMID 15861454.
^Cellulose. (2008). In Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved January 11, 2008, from Encyclopædia Britannica Online.
^Chemical Composition of Wood. Archived October 13, 2018, at the Wayback Machine. ipst.gatech.edu.
^Piotrowski, Stephan and Carus, Michael (May 2011) Multi-criteria evaluation of lignocellulosic niche crops for use in biorefinery processes Archived April 3, 2021, at the Wayback Machine. nova-Institut GmbH, Hürth, Germany.
^Mantanis GI, Young RA, Rowell RM (1995). "Swelling of compressed cellulose fiber webs in organic liquids". Cellulose. 2 (1): 1–22. doi:10.1007/BF00812768. ISSN 0969-0239.
Cellulose is an organic compound with the formula (C 6H 10O 5) n, a polysaccharide consisting of a linear chain of several hundred to many thousands of...
sources of regenerated cellulose, such as wood and related agricultural products. It has the same molecular structure as cellulose. Many types and grades...
biochemistry, cellulose acetate refers to any acetate ester of cellulose, usually cellulose diacetate. It was first prepared in 1865. A bioplastic, cellulose acetate...
Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) or cellulose gum is a cellulose derivative with carboxymethyl groups (-CH2-COOH) bound to some of the hydroxyl groups of...
Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) is a term for refined wood pulp and is used as a texturizer, an anti-caking agent, a fat substitute, an emulsifier, an...
Methyl cellulose (or methylcellulose) is a compound derived from cellulose. It is sold under a variety of trade names and is used as a thickener and emulsifier...
Hydroxyethyl cellulose is a gelling and thickening agent derived from cellulose. It is widely used in cosmetics, cleaning solutions, and other household...
Cellulose fibers (/ˈsɛljʊloʊs, -loʊz/) are fibers made with ethers or esters of cellulose, which can be obtained from the bark, wood or leaves of plants...
In land plants, the primary cell wall comprises polysaccharides like cellulose, hemicelluloses, and pectin. Often, other polymers such as lignin, suberin...
Nitrocellulose (also known as cellulose nitrate, flash paper, flash cotton, guncotton, pyroxylin and flash string, depending on form) is a highly flammable...
Bacterial cellulose is an organic compound with the formula (C 6H 10O 5) n produced by certain types of bacteria. While cellulose is a basic structural...
such as arabinoxylans, present along with cellulose in almost all terrestrial plant cell walls. Cellulose is crystalline, strong, and resistant to hydrolysis...
Diethylaminoethyl cellulose (DEAE-C) is a positively charged resin used in ion-exchange chromatography, a type of column chromatography, for the separation...
starch, glycogen and galactogen and structural polysaccharides such as cellulose and chitin. Polysaccharides are often quite heterogeneous, containing...
Cellulosic ethanol is ethanol (ethyl alcohol) produced from cellulose (the stringy fiber of a plant) rather than from the plant's seeds or fruit. It can...
methyl cellulose) Trade names include Methocel and Walocel. The global leading producer is now DuPont, formerly manufactured under Dow Wolff Cellulosics GmbH...
Ethyl cellulose (or ethylcellulose) is a derivative of cellulose in which some of the hydroxyl groups on the repeating glucose units are converted into...
textiles for clothing and other purposes. It is a form of regenerated cellulose made by dissolving pulp and dry jet-wet spinning. Unlike rayon made by...
Cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB) is a mixed ester thermoplastic derivative of cellulose acetate that contains both acetate and butyrate functional groups...
their origin: Vegetable fibers are generally based on arrangements of cellulose, often with lignin: examples include cotton, hemp, jute, flax, abaca,...
Hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) is a derivative of cellulose with both water solubility and organic solubility. It is used as an excipient, and topical ophthalmic...
Lacquer thinner, also known as cellulose thinner, is usually a mixture of solvents able to dissolve a number of different resins or plastics used in modern...
nano-structured cellulose. This may be either cellulose nanocrystal (CNC or NCC), cellulose nanofibers (CNF) also called nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC), or...
A cellulose electrode is a welding electrode that has a coating containing organic materials. About 30% of the coating weight is cellulose. In some countries...
Dissolving pulp, also called dissolving cellulose, is bleached wood pulp or cotton linters that has a high cellulose content (> 90%). It has special properties...
Cellulose triacetate, triacetate, CTA or TAC is a chemical compound produced from cellulose and a source of acetate esters, typically acetic anhydride...
Oxidized cellulose is a water-insoluble derivative of cellulose. It can be produced from cellulose by the action of an oxidizing agent, such as chlorine...
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