For the Urhobo cuisine dish known as starch, see Usi (food). For the video game, see Starch (video game).
Starch
Identifiers
CAS Number
9005-25-8Y
ChemSpider
none
ECHA InfoCard
100.029.696
EC Number
232-679-6
RTECS number
GM5090000
UNII
24SC3U704IY
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
DTXSID0049789
Properties
Chemical formula
(C 6H 10O 5) n
Molar mass
Variable
Appearance
White powder
Density
Variable[1]
Melting point
decomposes
Solubility in water
insoluble (see starch gelatinization)
Thermochemistry
Std enthalpy of combustion (ΔcH⦵298)
4.1788 kilocalories per gram (17.484 kJ/g)[2] (Higher heating value)
Hazards
Autoignition temperature
410 °C (770 °F; 683 K)
NIOSH (US health exposure limits):
PEL (Permissible)
TWA 15 mg/m3 (total) TWA 5 mg/m3 (resp)[3]
Safety data sheet (SDS)
ICSC 1553
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Infobox references
Chemical compound
Structure of the amylose moleculeStructure of the amylopectin molecule
Starch or amylum is a polymeric carbohydrate consisting of numerous glucose units joined by glycosidic bonds. This polysaccharide is produced by most green plants for energy storage. Worldwide, it is the most common carbohydrate in human diets, and is contained in large amounts in staple foods such as wheat, potatoes, maize (corn), rice, and cassava (manioc).
Pure starch is a white, tasteless and odorless powder that is insoluble in cold water or alcohol. It consists of two types of molecules: the linear and helical amylose and the branched amylopectin. Depending on the plant, starch generally contains 20 to 25% amylose and 75 to 80% amylopectin by weight.[4] Glycogen, the energy reserve of animals, is a more highly branched version of amylopectin.
In industry, starch is often converted into sugars, for example by malting. These sugars may be fermented to produce ethanol in the manufacture of beer, whisky and biofuel. In addition, sugars produced from processed starch are used in many processed foods.
Mixing most starches in warm water produces a paste, such as wheatpaste, which can be used as a thickening, stiffening or gluing agent. The principal non-food, industrial use of starch is as an adhesive in the papermaking process. A similar paste, clothing or laundry starch, can be applied to certain textile goods before ironing to stiffen them.
^Whistler RL, BeMiller JN, Paschall EF (2 December 2012). Starch: Chemistry and Technology. Elsevier Science. p. 219. ISBN 9780323139502. OCLC 819646427. Archived from the original on 14 May 2022. Retrieved 13 May 2022. Starch has variable density depending on botanical origin, prior treatment, and method of measurement
^CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 49th edition, 1968-1969, p. D-188.
^NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. "#0567". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
^Brown WH, Poon T (2005). Introduction to organic chemistry (3rd ed.). Wiley. p. 604. ISBN 978-0-471-44451-0.
Starch or amylum is a polymeric carbohydrate consisting of numerous glucose units joined by glycosidic bonds. This polysaccharide is produced by most green...
Cornflour, cornstarch, maize starch, or corn starch (American English) is the starch derived from corn (maize) grain. The starch is obtained from the endosperm...
Laundry starch or clothing starch is a liquid suspension prepared by mixing a vegetable starch in water used in the laundering of clothes. In biochemistry...
Tapioca (/ˌtæpiˈoʊkə/; Portuguese: [tapiˈɔkɐ]) is a starch extracted from the tubers of the cassava plant (Manihot esculenta, also known as manioc), a...
Sago (/ˈseɪɡoʊ/) is a starch extracted from the pith, or spongy core tissue, of various tropical palm stems, especially those of Metroxylon sagu. It is...
starch is starch extracted from potatoes. The cells of the root tubers of the potato plant contain leucoplasts (starch grains). To extract the starch...
transparent noodle made from starch (such as mung bean starch, potato starch, sweet potato starch, tapioca, or canna starch) and water. A stabilizer such...
Modified starch, also called starch derivatives, is prepared by physically, enzymatically, or chemically treating native starch to change its properties...
Dietary fiber consists of non-starch polysaccharides and other plant components such as cellulose, resistant starch, resistant dextrins, inulin, lignins...
No Starch Press is an American publishing company, specializing in technical literature often geared towards the geek, hacker, and DIY subcultures. Popular...
Resistant starch (RS) is starch, including its degradation products, that escapes from digestion in the small intestine of healthy individuals. Resistant...
Starch gelatinization is a process of breaking down of intermolecular bonds of starch molecules in the presence of water and heat, allowing the hydrogen...
manufactured from starches, such as corn starch in the US and Japan, from potato and wheat starch in Europe, and from tapioca starch in tropical areas...
tapioca ball, is an edible translucent sphere produced from tapioca, a starch made from the cassava root. They originated as a cheaper alternative to...
linear to highly branched. Examples include storage polysaccharides such as starch, glycogen and galactogen and structural polysaccharides such as cellulose...
Mung bean starch jelly may refer to: Liangfen, mung bean starch jelly in China Nokdu-muk, mung bean starch jelly in Korea Laping, mung bean starch jelly in...
Starch analysis or starch grain analysis is a technique that is useful in archaeological research in determining plant taxa on a microscopic level. It...
protein, and water. Mochi has a heterogeneous structure of amylopectin gel, starch grains, and air bubbles. The rice used for mochi has a negligible amylose...
Daniel Starch (1883–1979) was an American psychologist and marketing researcher. He is considered to be one of the pioneers of marketing and consumer research...
An amylase (/ˈæmɪleɪs/) is an enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of starch (Latin amylum) into sugars. Amylase is present in the saliva of humans and...
genitalia symbolising copulation. Starch-root is a simple description – the plant's root was used to make laundry starch and the 'lords and ladies' name...
Hydroxypropyl starch is a type of modified starch used as a food additive. I has the E number E1440. Hydroxyl propyl starch is not absorbed intact by...
Acetylated starch, E1420 in the E number scheme of food additives, is a modified starch. These are not absorbed intact by the gut, but are significantly...
Starch production is an isolation of starch from plant sources. It takes place in starch plants. Starch industry is a part of food processing which is...
Floridean starch is a type of a storage glucan found in glaucophytes and in red algae (or rhodophytes), in which it is usually the primary sink for fixed...
Nitrostarch is a secondary explosive similar to nitrocellulose. Much like starch, it is made up of two components, nitrated amylose and nitrated amylopectin...
cooked with egg or egg yolk to thicken it, and sometimes also flour, corn starch, or gelatin. Depending on the recipe, custard may vary in consistency from...
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