The spectacled bear (Tremarctos ornatus), also known as the South American bear, Andean bear, Andean short-faced bear or mountain bear and locally as jukumari (Aymara and Quechua[3]), ukumari (Quechua) or ukuku, is a species of bear native to the Andes Mountains in northern and western South America. It is the only living species of bear native to South America, and the last remaining short-faced bear (subfamily Tremarctinae). Its closest relatives are the extinct Tremarctos floridanus,[4] and the giant short-faced bears (Arctodus and Arctotherium), which became extinct at the end of the Pleistocene around 12,000 years ago.[5][6] Unlike other omnivorous bears, the diet of the spectacled bear is mostly herbivorous. The species is classified as Vulnerable by the IUCN because of habitat loss.
^Velez-Liendo, X.; García-Rangel, S. (2018) [errata version of 2017 assessment]. "Tremarctos ornatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T22066A123792952. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T22066A45034047.en. Retrieved 14 February 2020.
^"Appendices | CITES". cites.org. Archived from the original on 2017-12-05. Retrieved 2022-01-14.
^Sichra, Inge (2003). La vitalidad del quechua: lengua y sociedad en dos provincias de Cochabamba (in Spanish). Plural editores. p. 121. ISBN 978-99905-75-14-9.
^Krause, J.; Unger, T.; Noçon, A.; Malaspinas, A.; Kolokotronis, S.; Stiller, M.; Soibelzon, L.; Spriggs, H.; Dear, P. H.; Briggs, A. W.; Bray, S. C. E.; O'Brien, S. J.; Rabeder, G.; Matheus, P.; Cooper, A.; Slatkin, M.; Pääbo, S.; Hofreiter, M. (2008). "Mitochondrial genomes reveal an explosive radiation of extinct and extant bears near the Miocene-Pliocene boundary". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 8 (220): 220. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-8-220. PMC 2518930. PMID 18662376.
^Spectacled Bear Archived 2007-10-29 at the Wayback Machine. Grizzly Bear.org. Retrieved on 2011-09-26.
^Spectacled Bears Archived 2007-11-21 at the Wayback Machine. Bear Planet. Retrieved on 2011-09-26.
The spectacledbear (Tremarctos ornatus), also known as the South American bear, Andean bear, Andean short-faced bear or mountain bear and locally as jukumari...
Heinemann. ISBN 978-0434274086. Fry, Stephen (2002). Rescuing the SpectacledBear: A Peruvian Diary. Hutchinson. ISBN 978-0-8129-6819-4. Fry, Stephen;...
Tremarctinae or short-faced bears is a subfamily of Ursidae that contains one living representative, the spectacledbear (Tremarctos ornatus) of South...
The sloth bear (Melursus ursinus), also known as the Indian bear, is a myrmecophagous bear species native to the Indian subcontinent. It feeds on fruits...
occasionally called the Florida spectacledbear, Florida cave bear, or rarely Florida short-faced bear, is an extinct species of bear in the family Ursidae, subfamily...
size range of modern bears. Arctotherium was adapted to open and mixed habitat. They are genetically closer to the spectacledbear (Tremarctos ornatus)...
pristinus, respectively) and the Florida spectacledbear (Tremarctos floridanus). These tremarctine bears evolved from bears that had emigrated from Asia to the...
Fortnum, David McKee, R. W. Alley and other artists. The friendly spectacledbear from "darkest Peru" – with his old hat, battered suitcase, duffel coat...
The polar bear (Ursus maritimus) is a large bear native to the Arctic and nearby areas. It is closely related to the brown bear, and the two species can...
S2CID 33532210. Kurtén, B. (1966). "Pleistocene bears of North America: Genus Tremarctos, spectacledbears". Acta Zoologica Fennica. 115: 1–96. Sacco, Tyson;...
floridanus and the spectacledbear, and is possibly an ancestral trait. Absent in ursine bears, the false thumb of the spectacledbear has been suggested...
The sun bear (Helarctos malayanus) is a species in the family Ursidae (the only species in the genus Helarctos) occurring in the tropical forests of Southeast...
black bear shared its enclosure with a male spectacledbear, and produced several hybrid descendants. In 2005, a possible Asian black bear–sun bear hybrid...
giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca), also known as the panda bear or simply panda, is a bear species endemic to China. It is characterised by its black-and-white...
Largest Bears". 19 August 2021. "Spectacledbear". theanimalfiles.com. They have a body length between 1.5 and 2 m Brown, Gary (1993). The Great Bear Almanac...
sexual signaling. The pungent odor has given rise to the nicknames "skunk bear" and "nasty cat." The anal gland secretion for the samples obtained from...
all bears except the giant panda and the spectacledbear) appear able to crossbreed.[citation needed] In 1859, a black bear and a European brown bear were...
The Kermode bear, sometimes called the spirit bear (Ursus americanus kermodei), is a subspecies of the American black bear and lives in the Central and...
weasels, and skunks. It is not closely related to the giant panda, which is a bear, though both possess elongated wrist bones or "false thumbs" used for grasping...
"benturong" and "tenturun". The scientific name Arctictis means 'bear-weasel', from the Greek arkt- "bear" + iktis "weasel". Viverra binturong was the scientific...
SpectacledBear Conservation (SBC) is a team of researchers and conservationists working to study and protect the endangered spectacledbear (Tremarctos...
polar bear (U. maritimus) the spectacledbear (Tremarctos ornatus) the Asiatic black bear (U. thibetanus) the sloth bear (Melursus ursinus) the sun bear (Helarctos...
(Quechua for bear or spectacledbear) may refer to: Ukumari (Inca warrior) A regional park in Colombia Another name for the spectacledbear This disambiguation...
and spectacledbear. The park is a vital stronghold for the endangered mountain tapir in particular. In the forests below live spectacledbears, giant...
common ancestor most closely related to modern bears (as hinted by the subfamily Arctocephalinae, meaning "bear-headed"). The name pinniped refers to mammals...
of a moose to get at the marrow, and have been seen attempting to drive bears away from their kills. The sea otter uses rocks to break open shellfish...
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