Spectacled bear, Arctodus simus and Arctotherium bonariense
Scientific classification
Domain:
Eukaryota
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Chordata
Class:
Mammalia
Order:
Carnivora
Family:
Ursidae
Subfamily:
Tremarctinae Merriam & Stock, 1925
Genera
†Plionarctos
†Arctodus
†Arctotherium Tremarctos
The Tremarctinae or short-faced bears is a subfamily of Ursidae that contains one living representative, the spectacled bear (Tremarctos ornatus) of South America, and several extinct species from four genera: the Florida spectacled bear (Tremarctos floridanus), the North American giant short-faced bears Arctodus (A. pristinus and A. simus), the South American giant short-faced bear Arctotherium (including A. angustidens, A. vetustum, A. bonariense, A. wingei, and A. tarijense) as well as Plionarctos(P. edensis and P. harroldorum), which is thought to be ancestral to the other three genera.[1] Of these, the giant short-faced bears (Arctodus simus and Arctotherium angustidens) may have been the largest ever carnivorans in the Americas. The group is thought to have originated in eastern North America, and then invaded South America as part of the Great American Interchange. Most short-faced bears became extinct at the end of the Pleistocene.
^Krause, J.; Unger, T.; Noçon, A.; Malaspinas, A.; Kolokotronis, S.; Stiller, M.; Soibelzon, L.; Spriggs, H.; Dear, P. H.; Briggs, A. W.; Bray, S. C. E.; O'Brien, S. J.; Rabeder, G.; Matheus, P.; Cooper, A.; Slatkin, M.; Pääbo, S.; Hofreiter, M. (2008-07-28). "Mitochondrial genomes reveal an explosive radiation of extinct and extant bears near the Miocene-Pliocene boundary". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 8: 220. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-8-220. PMC 2518930. PMID 18662376.
The Tremarctinae or short-faced bears is a subfamily of Ursidae that contains one living representative, the spectacled bear (Tremarctos ornatus) of South...
evolved large size in a convergent manner. Arctotherium is part of the Tremarctinae subfamily of bears, otherwise known as the short faced bears, which also...
in three subfamilies: the monotypic Ailuropodinae, the panda bears; Tremarctinae, the short-faced bears; and Ursinae, containing all other extant bears...
bear, is an extinct species of bear in the family Ursidae, subfamily Tremarctinae. T. floridanus was widespread in the Southeastern United States during...
Tremarctos is a genus of the bear subfamily Tremarctinae, endemic to Americas from the Pliocene to recent. The northern species, the Florida short-faced...
to South America, and the last remaining short-faced bear (subfamily Tremarctinae). Its closest relatives are the extinct Tremarctos floridanus, and the...
in three subfamilies: Ailuropodinae (monotypic with the giant panda), Tremarctinae (monotypic with the spectacled bear), and Ursinae (containing six species...
of many habitats and feeding opportunities. Arctodus belongs to the Tremarctinae subfamily of bears, which are endemic to the Americas. Of these short-faced...
Antilocapridae – last survivor of which is the pronghorn. Subfamily Tremarctinae (short-faced bears) – including the giant short-faced bear (Arctodus...
the oldest known genus within the subfamily of the short-faced bears (Tremarctinae), and is believed to be ancestral to the clade. Sites and specimen ages:...
"Anatomy of the “false thumb” of Tremarctos ornatus (Carnivora, Ursidae, Tremarctinae): phylogenetic and functional implications." (2006). Abella, Juan; et al...
migrating back to Central America South American short-faced bears (Tremarctinae: †Arctotherium wingei) – thought to have invaded to as far as the Yucatán...
compete and its lineage became extinct, especially with the arrival of Tremarctinae bears which appear to share similar dental morphologies with the large...
Emslie, S. D. (1995). The fossil record of Arctodus pristinus (Ursidae: Tremarctinae) in Florida. Bulletin of the Florida Museum of Natural History, 37, 501–514...
L. H. (2007). "The fossil record of the short-faced bears (Ursidae, Tremarctinae) from Venezuela. Systematic, biogeographic, and paleoecological implications"...
Smilodon, the "bone-crushing dog" Borophagus, and the "short-faced bears" (Tremarctinae). Fossils attributable to Glyptotherium have been found as early as the...
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