Temporal range: Late Pliocene-Early Holocene (Uquian-Lujanian) ~2.588–0.010 Ma
PreꞒ
Ꞓ
O
S
D
C
P
T
J
K
Pg
N
↓
Life restoration of A. bonariense
Scientific classification
Domain:
Eukaryota
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Chordata
Class:
Mammalia
Order:
Carnivora
Family:
Ursidae
Subfamily:
Tremarctinae
Genus:
†Arctotherium Bravard 1857
Type species
†Arctotherium bonariense
Gervais 1852
Species
A. angustidensGervais & Ameghino 1880
A. bonarienseGervais 1852 (type)
A. tarijenseAmeghino 1902
A. vetustumAmeghino 1885
A. wingeiAmeghino 1902
Synonyms
Genus synonymy
PararctotheriumAmeghino 1904
Species synonymy
A. angustidens:
Arctotherium latidensBravard 1857
A. bonariense:
Arctodus bonariensisPerea and Ubilla 2001
Arctotherium bonaerense?
Pararctotherium enectumAmeghino 1904
Ursus bonariensisGervais 1852
A. tarijense:
Pararctotherium pamparumAmeghino 1904
A. wingei:
Arctotherium brasiliensisLund 1804
Arctotherium brasilienseLund 1838
?Panthera balamoides? Stinnesbeck 2019
Arctotherium ("bear beast") is an extinct genus of the Pleistocene short-faced bears endemic to Central and South America.[1]Arctotherium migrated from North America to South America during the Great American Interchange, following the formation of the Isthmus of Panama during the late Pliocene. The genus consists of one early giant form, A. angustidens, and several succeeding smaller species, which were within the size range of modern bears.[2]Arctotherium was adapted to open and mixed habitat.[3] They are genetically closer to the spectacled bear (Tremarctos ornatus), than to Arctodus of North America, implying the two extinct forms evolved large size in a convergent manner.[4]
^Soibelzon, L.H.; Tonni, E.P.; Bond, M. (2005). "The fossil record of South American short-faced bears (Ursidae, Tremarctinae)". Journal of South American Earth Sciences. 20 (1–2): 105–113. Bibcode:2005JSAES..20..105S. doi:10.1016/j.jsames.2005.07.005. Retrieved 2019-02-21.
^Soibelzon, L.H.; Schubert, B.W. (2011). "The Largest Known Bear, Arctotherium angustidens, from the Early Pleistocene Pampean Region of Argentina: With a Discussion of Size and Diet Trends in Bears". Journal of Paleontology. 85 (1): 69–75. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.870.2014. doi:10.1666/10-037.1. S2CID 129585554.
^Meloro, Carlo; de Oliveira, Alessandro Marques (2019-03-01). "Elbow Joint Geometry in Bears (Ursidae, Carnivora): a Tool to Infer Paleobiology and Functional Adaptations of Quaternary Fossils". Journal of Mammalian Evolution. 26 (1): 133–146. doi:10.1007/s10914-017-9413-x. ISSN 1573-7055. S2CID 25839635.
^Mitchell, K. J.; Bray, S. C.; Bover, P.; Soibelzon, L.; Schubert, B. W.; Prevosti, F.; Prieto, A.; Martin, F.; Austin & Alan Cooper, J. J. (2016). "Ancient mitochondrial DNA reveals convergent evolution of giant short-faced bears (Tremarctinae) in North and South America". Biology Letters. 12 (4): 20160062. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2016.0062. PMC 4881349. PMID 27095265.
Arctotherium ("bear beast") is an extinct genus of the Pleistocene short-faced bears endemic to Central and South America. Arctotherium migrated from...
pristinus and A. simus), the South American giant short-faced bear Arctotherium (including A. angustidens, A. vetustum, A. bonariense, A. wingei, and...
California, by J. A. Richardson in 1878, and were initially described as Arctotherium simum by Edward Drinker Cope in 1879. Historically, all specimens were...
since proposed that the fossil comes from an ursid, possibly the extinct Arctotherium, and not of felid affinities. P. balamoides lived at the end of the Pleistocene...
short-faced bears (genus Arctodus), the South American short-faced bears (Arctotherium), and the spectacled bears, Tremarctos, represented by both an extinct...
(2.2–0.3 Mya) A. simus (giant short-faced bear) (1.1–0.012 Mya) Genus Arctotherium† A. angustidens (1.2–0.7 Mya) A. bonariense (0.6–0.037 Mya) A. tarijense...
Tremarctos floridanus, and the giant short-faced bears (Arctodus and Arctotherium), which became extinct at the end of the Pleistocene around 12,000 years...
other authors suggest that the remains are actually of the extinct bear Arctotherium instead. Panthera gombaszoegensis Europe Ranged across Europe from around...
(Smilodon) the extinct jaguar subspecies Panthera onca mesembrina, the bear Arctotherium, the superficially camel-like Macrauchenia, the fox-like canid Dusicyon...
as well as the largest known mammalian land predator of all time, was Arctotherium angustidens, the South American short-faced bear. A humerus of A. angustidens...
(car-sized relatives of armadillos) Glyptodon and Doedicurus, the bear Arctotherium and the sabre-tooth cat Smilodon populator. Skeleton of the giant ground...
Arctodus) all reached a maximum size of about 1000 kg (the carnivoran Arctotherium and the hyaenodontid Simbakubwa may have been somewhat larger). The largest...
"saber-tooth cat" Smilodon, the large canid Protocyon, and the giant bear Arctotherium. Glyptodon, along with all other glyptodonts, became extinct at the end...
other large bears such as the cave bear, short-faced bears Arctodus and Arctotherium, and an extinct subspecies of the modern polar bear Ursus maritimus tyrannus...
paleoburrows and would have both fought with and have been preyed upon by Arctotherium angustidens in these dens. "Pampatherium". BioLib. Varela, L. (2018)...
Pleistocene South America; S. populator arrived after the extinction of Arctotherium angustidens, one of the largest carnivores ever, and could therefore...
Numerous carnivorous mammals have been found, including Smilodon populator, Arctotherium tarijense, and Protocyon tarijensis. MacFadden, B.J.; Shockey, B.J. (2016)...
bush dog. In contrast to its contemporary carnivores S. populator and Arctotherium wingei, dental stable isotope evidence shows Protocyon troglodytes in...
possibly the largest known mammalian land carnivore of all time, was Arctotherium angustidens. The largest specimen yet found is estimated to weigh up...
Global Information
