Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Chemical compound
Sodium hydroxide, also known as lye and caustic soda,[1][2] is an inorganic compound with the formula NaOH. It is a white solid ionic compound consisting of sodium cations Na+ and hydroxide anions OH−.
Sodium hydroxide is a highly corrosive base and alkali that decomposes lipids and proteins at ambient temperatures and may cause severe chemical burns. It is highly soluble in water, and readily absorbs moisture and carbon dioxide from the air. It forms a series of hydrates NaOH·nH2O.[11] The monohydrate NaOH·H2O crystallizes from water solutions between 12.3 and 61.8 °C. The commercially available "sodium hydroxide" is often this monohydrate, and published data may refer to it instead of the anhydrous compound.
As one of the simplest hydroxides, sodium hydroxide is frequently used alongside neutral water and acidic hydrochloric acid to demonstrate the pH scale to chemistry students.[12]
Sodium hydroxide is used in many industries: in the making of wood pulp and paper, textiles, drinking water, soaps and detergents, and as a drain cleaner. Worldwide production in 2004 was approximately 60 million tons, while demand was 51 million tons.[13]
^ ab"Material Safety Datasheet" (PDF). certified-lye.com. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-02-28. Retrieved 2010-02-24.
^ ab"Material Safety Datasheet 2" (PDF). hillbrothers.com. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-08-03. Retrieved 2012-05-20.
^ ab"Sodium Hydroxide – Compound Summary". Retrieved June 12, 2012.
^ abcdHaynes, p. 4.90
^Haynes, p. 4.135
^Jacobs, H.; Kockelkorn, J. and Tacke, Th. (1985). "Hydroxide des Natriums, Kaliums und Rubidiums: Einkristallzüchtung und röntgenographische Strukturbestimmung an der bei Raumtemperatur stabilen Modifikation". Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem. 531 (12): 119–124. doi:10.1002/zaac.19855311217.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^Haynes, p. 5.13
^ abcNIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. "#0565". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
^Michael Chambers. "ChemIDplus – 1310-73-2 – HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M – Sodium hydroxide [NF] – Similar structures search, synonyms, formulas, resource links, and other chemical information.". nih.gov.
^"Sodium hydroxide". Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health Concentrations (IDLH). National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
^Cite error: The named reference siem was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^"Examples of Common Laboratory Chemicals and their Hazard Class". Archived from the original on 2018-01-10. Retrieved 2018-01-09.
^Cite error: The named reference Ullmann was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
Sodiumhydroxide, also known as lye and caustic soda, is an inorganic compound with the formula NaOH. It is a white solid ionic compound consisting of...
catalyst. The hydroxide ion forms salts, some of which dissociate in aqueous solution, liberating solvated hydroxide ions. Sodiumhydroxide is a multi-million-ton...
Potassium hydroxide is an inorganic compound with the formula KOH, and is commonly called caustic potash. Along with sodiumhydroxide (NaOH), KOH is a...
nitrogen trichloride. With excess ammonia and sodiumhydroxide, hydrazine may be generated. Anhydrous sodium hypochlorite can be prepared but, like many...
refers to sodiumhydroxide (NaOH), but historically has been conflated to include other alkali materials, most notably potassium hydroxide. Today, lye...
can be prepared by mixing aqueous solutions of calcium chloride and sodiumhydroxide. The mineral form, portlandite, is relatively rare but can be found...
carbonating sodiumhydroxide which is made using the Chlor-alkali process. Sodium carbonate is obtained as three hydrates and as the anhydrous salt: sodium carbonate...
for the electrolysis of sodium chloride (NaCl) solutions. It is the technology used to produce chlorine and sodiumhydroxide (caustic soda), which are...
bauxite in sodiumhydroxide at temperatures up to 270 °C (518 °F). The waste solid, bauxite tailings, is removed and aluminium hydroxide is precipitated...
ions. Sodium oxide is produced by the reaction of sodium with sodiumhydroxide, sodium peroxide, or sodium nitrite: 2 NaOH + 2 Na → 2 Na2O + H2 To the extent...
and also in a solution of an alkali such as sodiumhydroxide. It can be prepared by adding sodiumhydroxide solution, but not in excess, to a solution...
chloralkali process, the industrial process to produce chlorine and sodiumhydroxide, according to the chemical equation 2 NaCl + 2 H 2 O → e l e c t r...
Sodium aluminate is an inorganic chemical that is used as an effective source of aluminium hydroxide for many industrial and technical applications. Pure...
salts and alcohols by the action of aqueous alkali. Typically aqueous sodiumhydroxide solutions are used. It is an important type of alkaline hydrolysis...
compound is dissolved in water, warmed, and filtered. 10% aqueous sodiumhydroxide is added to 2 ml of this solution. This produces a yellow coloration...
solution known as vinegar, with sodium carbonate ("washing soda"), sodium bicarbonate ("baking soda"), or sodiumhydroxide ("lye", or "caustic soda"). Any...
kJ/mol Other strong bases such as soda lime, sodiumhydroxide, potassium hydroxide, and lithium hydroxide are able to remove carbon dioxide by chemically...
acids with sodiumhydroxide. Sodium salts can be categorized into: sodium salts of carboxylic acids (e. g. sodium formate, HCOONa, the sodium salt of formic...
water to give methanol and sodiumhydroxide. Indeed, samples of sodium methoxide are often contaminated with sodiumhydroxide, which is difficult to detect...
Soda lime, a mixture of sodiumhydroxide (NaOH) and calcium oxide (CaO), is used in granular form within recirculating breathing environments like general...
of sulfuric acid by an equivalent of sodium base, typically in the form of either sodiumhydroxide (lye) or sodium chloride (table salt). It is a dry granular...
The production of chlorine results in the co-products caustic soda (sodiumhydroxide, NaOH) and hydrogen gas (H2). These two products, as well as chlorine...
is produced by hydrolysis of the ester linkages in coconut oil with sodiumhydroxide, a strong base. R. Marc Dahlgren; et al. "Effects of Bar Soap Constituents...
bleaching industry. Sodium bisulfite solutions can be prepared by treating a solution of suitable base, such as sodiumhydroxide or sodium bicarbonate with...
as the salt formed when acidic iodides react with sodiumhydroxide. It is a chaotropic salt. Sodium iodide, as well as potassium iodide, is commonly used...
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