Earliest confirmed female Egyptian pharaoh c. 1700-1800 BC
Sobekneferu
Neferusobek Scemiophris from Greek: Σκεμίοφρις
Statue of Sobekneferu which was lost in World War II
Pharaoh
Reign
3 years, 10 months, and 24 days according to the Turin Canon in the mid 18th century BC.[1][2][a]
Predecessor
Amenemhat IV
Successor
Sobekhotep I or Wegaf
Royal titulary
Horus name
mryt-rꜥ Meryt-re Beloved of Re[14][15]
Nebty name
sꜣt-sḫm-nbt-tꜣwy Sat-sekhem-nebet-tawy The daughter of the powerful one is, Mistress of the Two Lands[14]
Golden Horus
ḏdt-ḫꜥw Djedet-khau Stable of appearances[14]
Prenomen (Praenomen)
kꜣ-sbk-rꜥ Ka-sobek-re The ka of Sobek-Re[14]
Nomen
sbk-nfrw Sobek-neferu / Neferu-sobek Beauty of Sobek[14][16]
sbk-šdt-nfrw Sobek-shedet-neferu Beauty of Sobek, lord of Shedyt[17]
Consort
Amenemhat IV?
Father
Amenemhat III
Burial
Northern Mazghuna pyramid?
Dynasty
Twelfth Dynasty
Sobekneferu or Neferusobek (Ancient Egyptian: Sbk-nfrw meaning 'Beauty of Sobek') was a pharaoh of ancient Egypt and the last ruler of the Twelfth Dynasty of the Middle Kingdom. She ascended to the throne following the death of Amenemhat IV, possibly her brother or husband, though their relationship is unproven. Instead, she asserted legitimacy through her father Amenemhat III. Her reign lasted 3 years, 10 months, and 24 days, according to the Turin King List.
She adopted the full royal titulary, distinguishing herself from prior female rulers. She was also the first ruler to have a name associated with the crocodile god Sobek. Contemporary evidence for her reign is scant: there are a few partial statues – one with her face – and inscriptions that have been uncovered. It is assumed that the Northern Mazghuna pyramid was intended for her, though this assignment is speculative with no firm evidence to confirm it. The monument was abandoned with only the substructure ever completed. A papyrus discovered in Harageh mentions a place called Sekhem Sobekneferu that may refer to the pyramid. Her rule is attested on several king lists.
^Schneider 2006, p. 174.
^ abKrauss & Warburton 2006, pp. 480 & 492.
^Keller 2005, p. 294.
^Oppenheim et al. 2015, p. xix.
^Gillam 2001, p. 301.
^Redford 2001, Egyptian King List.
^Grimal 1992, p. 391.
^Lehner 2008, p. 8.
^Clayton 1994, p. 84.
^Dodson & Hilton 2004, p. 289.
^Shaw 2003, p. 483.
^Cooney 2018, p. 6.
^Wilkinson 2010, p. xv.
^ abcdeLeprohon 2013, p. 60.
^Cooney 2018, p. 87.
^Cooney 2018, p. 88.
^The British Museum n.d., Description.
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Sobekneferu or Neferusobek (Ancient Egyptian: Sbk-nfrw meaning 'Beauty of Sobek') was a pharaoh of ancient Egypt and the last ruler of the Twelfth Dynasty...
death, Amenemhat IV had no apparent heir, leading to Sobekneferu’s ascension to the throne. Sobekneferu, a daughter of Amenemhat III, was the first known...
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by the Nebty name Sat-Sekhem-Nebet-Tawy Sobekneferu, present both in the female Pharaoh's nomen, Sobekneferu (sbk-nfrw - Beauty of Sobek), and her praenomen...
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Chronology). She was Egypt's second confirmed queen regnant, the first being Sobekneferu/Nefrusobek in the Twelfth Dynasty. Hatshepsut was the daughter of Thutmose...
Southern Mazghuna pyramid is a possibility. Amenemhat IV was succeeded by Sobekneferu, who may have been his sister or stepsister; she was a daughter of Amenemhat...
year 1 of Amenemhat IV to regnal year 44 or 46–48 of Amenemhat III. Sobekneferu later succeeded Amenemhat IV as the last ruler of the Twelfth Dynasty...
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Dynasty, with its first pharaoh, Sobekhotep I, a son of queen regnant Sobekneferu and her husband Amenemhat and not a son of Amenemhat IV, as often stated...
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in over 200 years. The oldest attested queen regnant was the Pharaoh Sobekneferu from the 18th/17th century BC. In Ancient Africa, Ancient Persia, Asian...
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– 1784 BC: Amorite conquests of Uruk and Isin. 1786 BC: Egypt: Queen Sobekneferu dies. End of Twelfth Dynasty, start of Thirteenth Dynasty, start of Fourteenth...
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in this area in the late Middle Kingdom, perhaps for Amenemhat IV and Sobekneferu. Two major pyramids are known to have been built at Lisht: those of Amenemhat...
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