"King Solomon" redirects here. For the Ghanaian football team, see King Solomon F.C.
Solomon שְׁלֹמֹה
King Solomon in Old Age (1866) Gustave Doré
King of Israel
Reign
c. 970–931 BCE (hypothesised)
Predecessor
David
Successor
Rehoboam
Burial
Jerusalem
Spouse
Naamah Pharaoh's daughter 700 wives of royal birth and 300 concubines[1][2]
Issue
3 recorded children:
Rehoboam
Taphath
Basemath
House
House of David
Father
David
Mother
Bathsheba
Solomon (/ˈsɒləmən/),[a] also called Jedidiah,[b] was a monarch of ancient Israel and the son and successor of King David, according to the Hebrew Bible or Old Testament.[4][5] He is described as having been the penultimate ruler of an amalgamated Israel and Judah. The hypothesized dates of Solomon's reign are from 970 to 931 BCE. After his death, his son and successor Rehoboam would adopt a harsh policy towards the northern tribes, eventually leading to the splitting of the Israelites between the Kingdom of Israel in the north and the Kingdom of Judah in the south. Following the split, his patrilineal descendants ruled over Judah alone.[6]
The Bible says Solomon built the First Temple in Jerusalem,[5] dedicating the temple to Yahweh, or God.[7] Solomon is portrayed as wealthy, wise and powerful, and as one of the 48 Jewish prophets.[8] He is also the subject of many later references and legends, most notably in the Testament of Solomon (part of first-century biblical apocrypha).
The historicity of Solomon is hotly debated. Current consensus states that regardless of whether or not a man named Solomon truly reigned as king over Israel and Judah in the tenth century BCE, the biblical description of his apparent empire's lavishness is most probably an anachronistic exaggeration.[9][10][11]
In the New Testament, he is portrayed as a teacher of wisdom excelled by Jesus of Nazareth,[12] and as arrayed in glory but excelled by "the lilies of the field".[13] In the Quran, he is considered to be a major Islamic prophet. In mostly non-biblical circles, Solomon also came to be known as a magician and an exorcist, with numerous amulets and medallion seals dating from the Hellenistic period invoking his name.[14]
^"In Our Time With Melvyn Bragg: King Solomon". UK: BBC Radio 4. 7 June 2012. Retrieved 10 June 2012.
^1 Kings 11:1–3
^Khan, Geoffrey (2020). The Tiberian Pronunciation Tradition of Biblical Hebrew. Vol. 1. Open Book Publishers. p. 305. ISBN 978-1-78374-676-7.
^Book of Kings: 1 Kings 1–11; Books of Chronicles: 1Chronicles 28–29, 2Chronicles 1–9
^ abBarton, George A. (1906). "Temple of Solomon". Jewish Encyclopedia. pp. 98–101. Retrieved 24 October 2018.
^Stefon, Matt (27 June 2023). "Solomon king of Israel". Britannica.
^1 Kings 5:5; 8:20
^Rashi, to Megillah, 14a
^Finkelstein & Silberman 2006, p. 20.
^Grabbe, Lester. The Dawn of Israel: A History of Canaan in the Second Millennium BCE. 2023. T&T Clark. p. 255-259. “It is essentially a folktale about an Eastern potentate – it is royal legend or Königsnovelle.” “Thus, it looks difficult to discover much in the Solomon story that strikes the critical reader as likely to be historical.” “[T]he temple story has been inflated into a legendary extravaganza.” “[T]he Solomon story is the most problematic of those relating to the early Israelite kings, providing the thickest cloud of obscurity over the history that lies behind it.”
^Dever, William G. (2021). "Solomon, Scripture, and Science: The Rise of the Judahite State in the 10th Century BCE". Jerusalem Journal of Archaeology. 1: 102–125. doi:10.52486/01.00001.4. ISSN 2788-8819.
^Matthew 12:42; Luke 11:31
^Matthew 6:28–29; Luke 12:27
^"Archaeology, Culture, and other Religions". FMC terra santa. Retrieved 21 June 2013.
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