Granite statue of Pharaoh Imyremeshaw in the Egyptian Museum in Cairo
Capital
Itjtawy (c. 1803 BC – c. 1677 BC)
Thebes (c. 1677 BC – c. 1648 BC)
Common languages
Egyptian language
Religion
ancient Egyptian religion
Government
Absolute monarchy
Historical era
Bronze Age
• Established
1803 BC
• Disestablished
1649 BC
Preceded by
Succeeded by
Twelfth Dynasty of Egypt
Fourteenth Dynasty of Egypt
Fifteenth Dynasty of Egypt
Sixteenth Dynasty of Egypt
Abydos Dynasty
Periods and dynasties of ancient Egypt
All years are BC
Early
Pre-dynastic period
First Dynasty
I
c. 3150–2890
Second Dynasty
II
2890–2686
Old Kingdom
Third Dynasty
III
2686–2613
Fourth Dynasty
IV
2613–2498
Fifth Dynasty
V
2498–2345
Sixth Dynasty
VI
2345–2181
First Intermediate
Seventh Dynasty
VII
spurious
Eighth Dynasty
VIII
2181–2160
Ninth Dynasty
IX
2160–2130
Tenth Dynasty
X
2130–2040
Early Eleventh Dynasty
XI
2134–2061
Middle Kingdom
Late Eleventh Dynasty
XI
2061–1991
Twelfth Dynasty
XII
1991–1803
Thirteenth Dynasty
XIII
1803–1649
Second Intermediate
Fourteenth Dynasty
XIV
1705–1690
Fifteenth Dynasty (Hyksos)
XV
1674–1535
Sixteenth Dynasty
XVI
1660–1600
Abydos Dynasty
1650–1600
Seventeenth Dynasty
XVII
1580–1549
New Kingdom
Eighteenth Dynasty
XVIII
1549–1292
Nineteenth Dynasty
XIX
1292–1189
Twentieth Dynasty
XX
1189–1077
Third Intermediate
Twenty-first Dynasty
XXI
1069–945
Twenty-second Dynasty
XXII
945–720
Twenty-third Dynasty
XXIII
837–728
Twenty-fourth Dynasty
XXIV
732–720
Twenty-fifth Dynasty (Nubian)
XXV
732–653
Late Period
Twenty-sixth Dynasty
XXVI
672–525
Twenty-seventh Dynasty (1st Persian Period)
XXVII
525–404
Twenty-eighth Dynasty
XXVIII
404–398
Twenty-ninth Dynasty
XXIX
398–380
Thirtieth Dynasty
XXX
380–343
Thirty-first Dynasty (2nd Persian Period)
XXXI
343–332
Hellenistic Egypt
Thirty-second Dynasty
XXXII
332–305
Thirty-third Dynasty
XXXIII
305–30
Roman Egypt
Thirty-fourth Dynasty (Roman Pharaohs)
XXXIV
30 BC – 313 AD
See also: List of pharaohs by period and dynasty Periodization of ancient Egypt
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The Thirteenth Dynasty of ancient Egypt (notated Dynasty XIII) is often combined with Dynasties XI, XII and XIV under the group title Middle Kingdom. Some writers separate it from these dynasties and join it to Dynasties XIV through XVII as part of the Second Intermediate Period. Dynasty XIII lasted from approximately 1803 BC until approximately 1649 BC, i.e. for 154 years.[1]
According to Kim S. B. Ryholt, the 13th Dynasty was a continuation through a female line of the preceding 12th Dynasty, with its first pharaoh, Sobekhotep I, a son of queen regnant Sobekneferu and her husband Amenemhat and not a son of Amenemhat IV, as often stated.[1] Amenemhat IV in reality died childless. Kim Ryholt proposes that the demarcation between the two dynasties reflects the rise of the independent 14th Dynasty in the eastern Delta, an event which, he proposes, occurred during Sobekneferu's reign.[1] As direct heirs to the kings of the 12th Dynasty, pharaohs of the 13th Dynasty reigned from Memphis over Middle and Upper Egypt, all the way to the second cataract to the south. The power of the 13th Dynasty waned progressively over its 150 years of existence and it finally came to an end with the conquest of Memphis by the Hyksos rulers of the 15th Dynasty, c. 1650 BC.[1]
^ abcdKim S. B. Ryholt, The Political Situation in Egypt during the Second Intermediate Period, c. 1800–1550 B.C., Museum Tusculanum Press 1997, p.197
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