Amenemhat III (Ancient Egyptian: Ỉmn-m-hꜣt meaning 'Amun is at the forefront'), also known as Amenemhet III, was a pharaoh of ancient Egypt and the sixth king of the Twelfth Dynasty of the Middle Kingdom. He was elevated to throne as co-regent by his father Senusret III, with whom he shared the throne as the active king for twenty years. During his reign, Egypt attained its cultural and economic zenith of the Middle Kingdom.
The aggressive military and domestic policies of Senusret III, which re-subjugated Nubia and wrested power from the nomarchs, allowed Amenemhat III to inherit a stable and peaceful Egypt. He directed his efforts towards an extensive building program with particular focus on Faiyum. Here he dedicated a temple to Sobek, a chapel to Renenutet, erected two colossal statues of himself in Biahmu, and contributed to excavation of Lake Moeris. He built for himself two pyramids at Dahshur and Hawara, becoming the first pharaoh since Sneferu in the Fourth Dynasty to build more than one. Near to his Hawara pyramid is a pyramid for his daughter Neferuptah. To acquire resources for the building program, Amenemhat III exploited the quarries of Egypt and the Sinai for turquoise and copper. Other exploited sites includes the schist quarries at Wadi Hammamat, amethyst from Wadi el-Hudi, fine limestone from Tura, alabaster from Hatnub, red granite from Aswan, and diorite from Nubia. A large corpus of inscriptions attest to the activities at these sites, particularly at Serabit el-Khadim. There is scant evidence of military expeditions during his reign, though a small one is attested at Kumma in his ninth regnal year. He also sent a handful of expeditions to Punt.
Amenemhat III reigned for at least 45 years, though a papyrus fragment from El-Lahun mentioning a 46th year probably dates to his reign as well. Toward the end of his reign he instituted a co-regency with Amenemhat IV, as recorded in a rock inscription from Semna in Nubia, which equates regnal year 1 of Amenemhat IV to regnal year 44 or 46–48 of Amenemhat III. Sobekneferu later succeeded Amenemhat IV as the last ruler of the Twelfth Dynasty.
^Schneider 2006, pp. 173–174.
^Oppenheim et al. 2015, p. xix.
^Lehner 2008, p. 8.
^Leprohon 2001, p. 69.
^Clayton 1994, p. 84.
^Grimal 1992, p. 391.
^Dodson & Hilton 2004, p. 289.
^Shaw 2003, p. 483.
^Callender 2003, p. 156.
^Krauss & Warburton 2006, p. 492.
^ abcdeLeprohon 2013, p. 59.
^ abcdevon Beckerath 1984, p. 199.
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See Amenemhat, for other individuals with this name. AmenemhatIII (Ancient Egyptian: Ỉmn-m-hꜣt meaning 'Amun is at the forefront'), also known as Amenemhet...
The pyramidion of AmenemhatIII is the capstone that once crowned the Black Pyramid at Dashur, Egypt. Crafted around 1850 BC, towards the end of the 12th...
nine regnal years. Amenemhat IV may have been the son, grandson, son-in-law, or stepson of his predecessor, the powerful AmenemhatIII. His reign started...
to resolve. Amenemhat was remembered for the mortuary temple at Hawara that he built. Amenemhat IV succeeded his father, AmenemhatIII, and ruled for...
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Sobekneferu was the daughter of Pharaoh AmenemhatIII, but her mother's identity is unknown. AmenemhatIII had two known wives, Aat and an unnamed queen...
and Khafra at Giza. Also at Dahshur is one of two pyramids built by AmenemhatIII, known as the Black Pyramid, as well as a number of small, mostly ruined...
was found in the pit. This boat pit, located south of the Pyramid of AmenemhatIII, was made of brick and measured 15 meters long and 5.57 meters wide...
in Cairo Press. p. 26. ISBN 978-977-416-221-3. "AmenemhatIII". University College London. "Amenemhat IV Maakherure (1807/06-1798/97 BC)". Digital Egypt...
near the foot of the Pyramid of AmenemhatIII at Hawara. The Labyrinth of Egypt was built at Hawara by AmenemhatIII, who ruled c. 1800 BC as the sixth...
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Pyramid Complex of AmenemhatIII, reusing and expanding a shaft-tomb originally made for a member of the royal court of AmenemhatIII. Burial goods include...
Renenutet (a harvest deity) was founded during the reigns of AmenemhatIII and Amenemhat IV (1855–1799 BC). It was later expanded and embellished during...
Egyptian Museum in Cairo: The pyramidion of the so-called Black Pyramid of AmenemhatIII at Dahshur The pyramidion of the Pyramid of Khendjer at Saqqara The...
co-regent. His firstborn son and heir to the throne, Amenemhat, predeceased Thutmose III. Thutmose III is regarded as one of the greatest warriors, military...
pharaoh, AmenemhatIII. AmenemhatIII had taken a particular interest in the Faiyum of Egypt, a region heavily associated with Sobek. Amenemhat and many...
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that the story should be transferred to the Twelfth Dynasty pharaoh AmenemhatIII and sees no reason to doubt that Diodorus did not correctly record a...
the reign of AmenemhatIII. This seems to be confirmed in some of the literature of the period, such as in the Instructions of Amenemhat, where the king...
Semna and Kumma includes AmenemhatIII, Amenemhat IV, Sobekneferu, Sekhemkare Amenemhat V and Sekhemre Khutawy Sobekhotep Amenemhat. Six cylinder seals are...
Egypt's formal boundaries with the unconquered areas of its territory. AmenemhatIII (1860–1815 BC) is considered the last great pharaoh of the Middle Kingdom...
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