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Slavery in Spain can be traced to the Phoenician and Roman eras. In the 9th century the Muslim Moorish rulers and local Jewish merchants traded in Spanish and Eastern European Christian slaves. Spain began to trade slaves in the 15th century and this trade reached its peak in the 16th century. The history of Spanish enslavement of Africans began with Portuguese captains Antão Gonçalves and Nuno Tristão in 1441. The first large group of African slaves, made up of 235 slaves, came with Lançarote de Freitas three years later.[1] In 1462, Portuguese slave traders began to operate in Seville, Spain. During the 1470s, Spanish merchants began to trade large numbers of slaves. Slaves were auctioned at market at a cathedral, and subsequently were transported to cities all over Imperial Spain. This led to the spread of Moorish, African, and Christian slavery in Spain. By the 16th century, 7.4 percent of the population in Seville, Spain were slaves. Many historians have concluded that Renaissance and early-modern Spain had the highest amount of African slaves in Europe.[2]
After the discovery of the New World, the Spanish colonialists decided to use it for commercial production and mining because of the absence of trading networks.[3] The Native American population was used for this labor but they died in large numbers as a result of war, diseases, exploitation and social disruptions.[3] Meanwhile, the need for labor expanded, such as for the production of sugarcane.[3] The problem of the justness of Indian slavery was a key issue for the Spanish Crown. Bartolomé de las Casas was concerned about the fate of the natives and argued in 1516 that white and black slaves should be imported to the Indies to replace the Amerindians.[3] African slaves did have certain advantages over native slaves as being resistant to European diseases and more familiarity with agricultural techniques.[3] This preference led to the development of the Atlantic Slave Trade.[3]
It was Charles V who gave a definite answer to this complicated and delicate matter. To that end, on November 25, 1542, the Emperor abolished the enslavement of natives by decree in his Leyes Nuevas New Laws. This bill was based on the arguments given by the best Spanish theologists and jurists who were unanimous in the condemnation of such slavery as unjust; they declared it illegitimate and outlawed it from America—not just the slavery of Spaniards over Indians—but also the type of slavery practiced among the Indians themselves.[4] The labor system of Encomienda was also abolished in 1550.[3] However these laws did not end the practice of slavery or forced labor immediately and a new system began to be used repartimiento and mita in Peru. Eventually this system too was abolished due to abuses.[3] By the 17th century, forced indigenous labor continued illegally and black slave labor legally.[3]
^"Slavery Timeline 1401-1500 - a Chronology of Slavery, Abolition, and Emancipation". brycchancarey.com.
^ abcdefghiDavid Eltis; Keith Bradley; Paul Cartledge (25 July 2011). The Cambridge World History of Slavery: Volume 3, AD 1420-AD 1804. Cambridge University Press. pp. 331–332–333. ISBN 978-0-521-84068-2.
^Garcia Anoveros, J.M. Carlos V y la abolicion de la exclavitud de los indios, Causas, evolucion y circunstancias. Revista de Indias, 2000, vol. LX, núm. 218
SlaveryinSpain can be traced to the Phoenician and Roman eras. In the 9th century the Muslim Moorish rulers and local Jewish merchants traded in Spanish...
Slaveryin the Spanish American viceroyalties was an economic and social institution which existed throughout the Spanish Empire including Spain itself...
Slaveryin New Spain was based mainly on the importation of slaves from West and Central Africa to work in the colony in the enormous plantations, ranches...
Spanishslavery was introduced to the Philippines through the encomienda system which was instituted throughout the Indies by Nicolás de Ovando, governor...
history, whether perpetrated by non-Europeans or by other Europeans. Slaveryin ancient Rome was frequently dependent on a person's socio-economic status...
Slavery is the ownership of a person as property, especially in regards to their labour. Slavery typically involves compulsory work, with the slave's location...
The abolition of slavery occurred at different times in different countries. It frequently occurred sequentially in more than one stage – for example,...
Slaveryin Latin America was an economic and social institution that existed in Latin America before the colonial era until its legal abolition in the...
slavery, comprising the enslavement primarily of Africans and African Americans, was prevalent in the United States of America from its founding in 1776...
Slaveryin the colonial history of the United States refers to the institution of slavery as it existed in the European colonies which eventually became...
of slaves have differed vastly in different systems of slaveryin different times and places. Slavery has been found in some hunter-gatherer populations...
Slaveryin Britain existed before the Roman occupation and until the 11th century, when the Norman conquest of England resulted in the gradual merger of...
Natural slavery (or Aristotelian slavery) is the argument set forth in Aristotle's Politics that some people are slaves by nature, while others are slaves...
Slavery has historically been widespread in Africa. Systems of servitude and slavery were common in parts of Africa in ancient times, as they were in...
Slaveryin Cuba was a portion of the larger Atlantic Slave Trade that primarily supported Spanish plantation owners engaged in the sugarcane trade. It...
Slavery existed in the Sultanate of Zanzibar until 1909. Slavery and slave trade existed in the Zanzibar Archipelago for thousands of years. When clove...
their original Iberian form into a form of "communal" slavery. In the encomienda, the Spanish Crown granted a person a specified number of natives from...
complicating the definition of 'slavery' as slaves in the international context usually did not have such legal rights. Slavery was not widespread during the...
Slaveryin medieval Europe was widespread. Europe and North Africa were part of a highly interconnected trade network across the Mediterranean Sea, and...
Slavery had already existed in Ireland for centuries by the time the Vikings began to establish their coastal settlements, but it was under the Norse-Gael...
Slaveryin Haiti began after the arrival of Christopher Columbus on the island in 1492 with the European colonists that followed from Portugal, Spain...
The history of slaveryin the Muslim world began with institutions inherited from pre-Islamic Arabia. The practices of keeping slaves in the Muslim world...
medium in the presentation of the history of slavery to the general public. The American film industry has had a complex relationship with slavery, and...
Slaveryin France, and by extension, the French Empire, covers a wide range of disparate topics. Some of the most notable ones include: In 486, Clovis...
descendants. The institution of chattel slavery was established in North America in the 16th century under Spanish colonization, British colonization, French...
An overview of Asian slavery shows it has existed in all regions of Asia throughout its history. Although slavery is now illegal in every Asian country...
Contemporary slavery, also sometimes known as modern slavery or neo-slavery, refers to institutional slavery that continues to occur in present-day society...
movement to end slavery and liberate slaves around the world. The first country to fully outlaw slavery was France in 1315, but it was later used in its colonies...