"Slave" and "Slaves" redirect here. For other uses, see Slave (disambiguation).
"Slave master" redirects here. For other uses, see Slave Master (disambiguation).
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v
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Slavery is the ownership of a person as property, especially in regards to their labour.[1] Slavery typically involves compulsory work, with the slave's location of work and residence dictated by the party that holds them in bondage. Enslavement is the placement of a person into slavery, and the person is called a slave or an enslaved person (see § Terminology).
Many historical cases of enslavement occurred as a result of breaking the law, becoming indebted, suffering a military defeat, or exploitation for cheaper labor; other forms of slavery were instituted along demographic lines such as race or sex. Slaves may be kept in bondage for life, or for a fixed period of time after which they would be granted freedom.[2] Although slavery is usually involuntary and involves coercion, there are also cases where people voluntarily enter into slavery to pay a debt or earn money due to poverty. In the course of human history, slavery was a typical feature of civilization,[3] and was legal in most societies, but it is now outlawed in most countries of the world, except as a punishment for a crime.[4][5]
In chattel slavery, the slave is legally rendered the personal property (chattel) of the slave owner. In economics, the term de facto slavery describes the conditions of unfree labour and forced labour that most slaves endure.[6]
Mauritania was the last country in the world to officially ban slavery, in 1981,[7] with legal prosecution of slaveholders established in 2007.[8] However, in 2019, approximately 40 million people, of whom 26% were children, were still enslaved throughout the world despite slavery being illegal. In the modern world, more than 50% of slaves provide forced labour, usually in the factories and sweatshops of the private sector of a country's economy.[9] In industrialised countries, human trafficking is a modern variety of slavery; in non-industrialised countries, debt bondage is a common form of enslavement,[6] such as captive domestic servants, people in forced marriages, and child soldiers.[10]
^Allain, Jean (2012). "The Legal Definition of Slavery into the Twenty-First Century". In Allain, Jean (ed.). The Legal Understanding of Slavery: From the Historical to the Contemporary. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 199–219. ISBN 978-0-19-164535-8.
^Baker-Kimmons, Leslie C. (2008). "Slavery". In Schaefer, Richard T. (ed.). Encyclopedia of Race, Ethnicity, and Society. Vol. 3. SAGE Publishing. p. 1234. ISBN 9781412926942.
^Cite error: The named reference Slavery was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Bales 2004, p. 4.
^White, Shelley K.; White, Jonathan M.; Korgen, Kathleen Odell (2014). Sociologists in Action on Inequalities: Race, Class, Gender, and Sexuality. SAGE Publishing. p. 43. ISBN 978-1-4833-1147-0.
^ ab"Slavery in the 21st century". Newint.org. Archived from the original on May 27, 2010. Retrieved August 29, 2010.
^Okeowo, Alexis (September 8, 2014). "Freedom Fighter: A slaving society and an abolitionist's crusade". The New Yorker. Archived from the original on January 6, 2018. Retrieved October 16, 2014.
^Corrigan, Terence (September 6, 2007). "Mauritania: Country Made Slavery Illegal Last Month". The East African Standard. Archived from the original on August 4, 2011. Retrieved January 21, 2008.
^Hodal, Kate (May 31, 2016). "One in 200 people is a slave. Why?". The Guardian. Archived from the original on April 30, 2019.
^"Religion & Ethics – Modern slavery: Modern forms of slavery". BBC. January 30, 2007. Archived from the original on January 6, 2014. Retrieved June 16, 2009.
Slavery is the ownership of a person as property, especially in regards to their labour. Slavery typically involves compulsory work, with the slave's location...
The legal institution of human chattel slavery, comprising the enslavement primarily of Africans and African Americans, was prevalent in the United States...
The history of slavery spans many cultures, nationalities, and religions from ancient times to the present day. Likewise, its victims have come from many...
movement, is the movement to end slavery and liberate slaves around the world. The first country to fully outlaw slavery was France in 1315, but it was...
Slavery has historically been widespread in Africa. Systems of servitude and slavery were common in parts of Africa in ancient times, as they were in much...
Slavery in Britain existed before the Roman occupation and until the 11th century, when the Norman conquest of England resulted in the gradual merger...
which many believed would place slavery on a course of ultimate extinction. Decades of political controversy over slavery were brought to a head by the...
economic roles of slavery, types of slavery, and debt slavery, which thoroughly explain the institution of slavery in Israel in antiquity. The Bible stipulates...
Contemporary slavery, also sometimes known as modern slavery or neo-slavery, refers to institutional slavery that continues to occur in present-day society...
White slavery (also white slave trade or white slave trafficking) refers to the enslavement of any of the world's European ethnic groups throughout human...
In the United States, abolitionism, the movement that sought to end slavery in the country, was active from the colonial era until the American Civil...
complicating the definition of 'slavery' as slaves in the international context usually did not have such legal rights. Slavery was not widespread during the...
The early history of slavery in the Indian subcontinent is contested because it depends on the translations of terms such as dasa and dasyu. Greek writer...
Slavery in Brazil began long before the first Portuguese settlement. Later, colonists were heavily dependent on indigenous labor during the initial phases...
Convention on the Abolition of Slavery, the full title of which is the Supplementary Convention on the Abolition of Slavery, the Slave Trade, and Institutions...
An overview of Asian slavery shows it has existed in all regions of Asia throughout its history. Although slavery is now illegal in every Asian country...
Natural slavery (or Aristotelian slavery) is the argument set forth in Aristotle's Politics that some people are slaves by nature, while others are slaves...
Wage slavery is a term used to criticize exploitation of labor by business, by keeping wages low or stagnant in order to maximize profits. The situation...
Islamic views on slavery represent a complex and multifaceted body of Islamic thought, with various Islamic groups or thinkers espousing views on the...
The abolition of slavery occurred at different times in different countries. It frequently occurred sequentially in more than one stage – for example...
Historically, slavery has been regulated, supported, or opposed on religious grounds. In Judaism, Hebrew slaves were given a range of treatments and protections...
defeating the insurgent Confederacy, playing a major role in the abolition of slavery, expanding the power of the federal government, and modernizing the U.S...
Slavery among Native Americans in the United States includes slavery by and enslavement of Native Americans roughly within what is currently the United...
split into slave states (states permitting slavery) and free states (states prohibiting slavery). Slavery became concentrated in the Southern United States...
Islam and slavery may refer to: Islamic views on slavery in theology / jurisprudence Islamic views on concubinage in theology / jurisprudence History of...
"Happiness in Slavery" is a song by American industrial rock band Nine Inch Nails from their extended play, Broken (1992). It was released in November...
Slavery in Europe may refer to: Atlantic slave trade (involving Europe) Slavery in medieval Europe Slavery in modern Europe Slavery in circa-WWII Europe...
Amendment (Amendment XIII) to the United States Constitution abolished slavery and involuntary servitude, except as punishment for a crime. The amendment...
Slavery in Egypt existed up until the early 20th century. It differed from the previous slavery in ancient Egypt, being managed in accordance with Islamic...