Protests and revolutions in the Arab world in the late 2010s and early 2020s
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Second Arab Spring
Date
1 January 2018 – present (6 years, 4 months and 1 day)
Location
Arab League countries in North Africa, Central Africa and Middle East (i.e. MENA)
Caused by
Authoritarianism
Energy crisis
Human rights violations
Inflation
Kleptocracy
Political corruption
Poor basic services
Poverty
Sectarianism (Lebanon and Iraq)
State terrorism
Unemployment
Goals
Democracy
Economic equality
Employment
Free elections
Human rights
Nationalism
Regime change
Secularism
Methods
Civil resistance
Civil war
Demonstrations
Insurgency
Internet activism
Labor strike
Mutiny
Protests
Rebellion
Riots
Self-immolation
Status
Full result by country
Tunisia: Repeal of the 2018 budget
Sudan: President Omar al-Bashir ousted, arrested, charged, government overthrown. Transitional authority established.
Algeria: President Abdelaziz Bouteflika resigns, government overthrown. Presidential elections were delayed until December 2019. Abdelmadjid Tebboune elected as new president. Algerian politics still dominated by the military elite.
Gaza and Egypt: Protests suppressed
Jordan: Resignation of Hani Mulki's government, Omar Razzaz forms new government and controversial tax bill withdrawn for further discussion.
Iraq: Defeat in parliamentary elections of pro-Western Haider al-Abadi and election of pro-Iran government led by Adil Abdul-Mahdi. Abdul-Mahdi's government resigns in November 2019 following protests against Iran's growing influence in Iraqi politics. Mustafa Al-Kadhimi appointed as new prime minister. Early elections held in October 2021
Lebanon: Resignation of Prime Ministers Saad Hariri and Hassan Diab. Najib Mikati appointed as prime minister on 10 September 2021
Syria: Sacking of Prime Minister Imad Khamis.
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Second Arab Spring
2018 Iraqi protests
2018 Tunisian protests
2018 Jordanian protests
Sudan
Sudanese Revolution
2019–2022 Sudanese protests
2019–2021 Algerian protests
2019 Gaza economic protests
2019–2020 Egyptian protests
2019–2021 Lebanese protests
2019–2021 Iraqi protests
2021 Tunisian protests
See also
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The Second Arab Spring is a series of anti-government protests which took place in several Arab world countries from late 2018 onwards.[1][2]
In Iraq, the deadliest incident of civil unrest since the fall of Saddam Hussein resulted in its Prime Minister being replaced.[3][4][5] Sustained civil disobedience in Sudan resulted in the overthrow of president Omar al-Bashir in a military coup d'état,[6] the Khartoum massacre, and the transfer of power from a military junta to a combined military–civilian Sovereignty Council that is legally committed to a 39-month transition to democracy. In Algeria, a series of mass protests resulted in the resignation of president Abdelaziz Bouteflika, and the postponement of the scheduled presidential election. Other protests also took place in Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon, Morocco, and Tunisia, along with economic protests in the Gaza Strip.[7][8][9][10][2]
The alternative names "New Arab Spring" and "Arab Summer" refer as well to similarity with the preceding Arab Spring wave of pro-democracy protests which took place in 2010–2013.[11] However, in this wave of protests "the similarities and differences suggest more an upgrading than a replay of the Arab Spring."[12] The wider call for democracy and human rights was replaced by more day-to-day demands, on issues including excessive costs of living and high unemployment rates.[12]
^Tisdall, Simon (26 January 2019). "Will corruption, cuts and protest produce a new Arab spring?". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 27 October 2019. Retrieved 19 March 2019.
^ ab"Q&A on Arab Spring 10 years after". William & Mary.
^"Iraq protests: Mohammed Allawi named prime minister". BBC News. February 2020. Archived from the original on 2 February 2020. Retrieved 3 February 2020.
^"Iraqi prime minister to resign in wake of deadly protests". Politico. Associated Press. 29 November 2019. Archived from the original on 6 November 2020. Retrieved 29 November 2019.
^Cite error: The named reference larges was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^"Sudan's Omar al-Bashir forced out in coup". CNN. 11 April 2019. Archived from the original on 3 May 2019. Retrieved 11 April 2019.
^"Gaza rights groups denounce Hamas crackdown on protests". Al Jazeera English. Archived from the original on 20 October 2019.
^"Arab Spring 2.0: Five lessons from 2011 for today's protesters". Middle East Eye. 16 December 2020.
^"Arab Spring 2.0". Carnegie Middle East Center.
^"Arab Spring 2.0: Five lessons from 2011 for today's protesters". Middle East Eye.
^"'Arab Spring 2.0': What to know about the protests roiling Iraq, Lebanon and the Middle East". ABC News.
^ abFeuer, Sarah; Valensi, Carmit (2019). "Arab Spring 2.0? Making Sense of the Protests Sweeping the Region". Institute for National Security Studies (1235).
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