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17 October Protests
Part of the Second Arab Spring
Protesters outside of Riad Al Solh Square in Beirut on 19 October 2019
Date
17 October 2019 (2019-10-17) – Ambiguous
Location
Several Cities across Lebanon
Caused by
Austerity
Political corruption
Interventionism
Liquidity crisis
Recession
Sectarianism
Unemployment
Methods
Demonstrations
Strike action
Sit-ins
Civil resistance
Barricades
Internet activism
Resulted in
Resignation of Prime Minister Saad Hariri
Resignation of Prime Minister Hassan Diab
Resignation of 10 Members of the 2018–2022 Lebanese Parliament
Election of 13 reformist candidates in the 2022 Lebanese parliamentary elections
Parties
Protesters: (no centralised authority)
Individual people
Civil society organizations
Opposition political parties
Political Establishment:
Lebanese Government
Hezbollah[1]
Amal
FPM
Future
PSP
SSNP
LF
LDP
Marada
Azm Movement
All establishment political parties[2]
Lead figures
Non-centralized leadership
Michel Aoun Nabih Berri Najib Mikati (Since 10 September 2021) Hassan Diab (21 January 2020 – 10 September 2021) Saad Hariri (17 October 2019 – 21 January 2020) Hassan Nasrallah
Gebran Bassil Fouad Siniora Walid Jumblatt Samir Geagea Taymur Jumblatt
Riad Salameh
Suleiman Frangieh Jr.
Casualties and losses
11 killed and 1,488+ injured[3][4][5][6][7][8]
1 policeman killed and 168 police injured[9]
3 civilians killed in related violence[10] 7 killed and 32 wounded in related clashes[11]
v
t
e
Civil conflicts in Lebanon
1958 crisis
1961 coup d'état attempt
Civil war
Bab al-Tabbaneh–Jabal Mohsen
Dinnieh clashes
Cedar Revolution
2007 conflict
2008 conflict
Syrian civil war spillover
17 October Revolution
2021 Beirut clashes
2023 Ain al-Hilweh clashes
The 17 October Protests, commonly referred to as the 17 October Revolution or as Hirak[13] (Arabic: ثورة 17 تشرين الأول, romanized: thawrat 17 tishrīn al-ʾawwal, lit. '17 October revolution')[14] were a series of civil protests in Lebanon that began after the Lebanese cabinet announced financial measures on 17 October 2019.[15] These national protests were triggered by planned taxes on gasoline, tobacco, and VoIP calls on applications such as WhatsApp,[16][17][18] but quickly expanding into a country-wide condemnation of sectarian rule,[19] the stagnation of the economy, unemployment (which reached 46% in 2018[20]), endemic corruption in the public sector,[19] legislation that was perceived to shield the ruling class from accountability (such as banking secrecy)[21][22] and failures of the government to provide basic services such as electricity, water, and sanitation.[23]
The protests created a political crisis in Lebanon, with Prime Minister Saad Hariri tendering his resignation, not demanding any new governmental needs of being the prime minister and echoing protesters' demands for a government of independent specialists.[24] A cabinet headed by Hassan Diab was formed in 2020 but also resigned in the wake of the 2020 Beirut explosion.
^"Nasrallah: Lebanon is facing two major menaces; the first is the financial and economic collapse and the second is the Lebanese people's rage at the political elite". MTV Lebanon. 2019-10-19. Retrieved 2019-10-19.
^K, Christie (2019-11-07). "Tripoli Will Remove All Political Posters From its City!". The961. Archived from the original on 2019-11-28. Retrieved 2019-11-28.
^Georgy, Michael (2020-08-09). "Lebanese protesters storm ministry buildings as anger over Beirut blast grows". Reuters – via www.reuters.com.
^"OHCHR | Press briefing note on Lebanon".
^"عضو بلدية الشويفات علاء أبو فخر يسقط بالرصاص تحت جسر خلدة". An-Nahar. Archived from the original on 2019-11-13. Retrieved 2019-11-12.
^"Anger breaks out after two die in roadblock crash". The Daily Star. 2019-11-25. Archived from the original on 2019-11-27. Retrieved 2019-11-26.
^Cite error: The named reference 540injured was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Cite error: The named reference 10killed was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Suleiman Al-Khalidi (2020-08-08). MacSwan, Angus (ed.). "Lebanese policeman killed in clashes with demonstrators in Beirut: police". Reuters. Reporting by Laila Bassam – via www.reuters.com.
^"Lebanon's worsening fuel crisis spurs violence, leaves three dead". Al Jazeera. 2021-08-09.
^"Beirut port blast: Gunfire erupts at protest against judge leading probe". BBC. 2021-10-14.
^SECURITIES, PT INDO PREMIER (2019-10-20). "Tens of thousands protest in Lebanon for third day". IPOTNEWS (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2019-10-23.
^"The Islamic Group and Lebanon's Popular Uprising* | Al Jazeera Centre for Studies". studies.aljazeera.net. Retrieved 2024-03-10.
^"عام على 17 تشرين.. ثورة الاستثمار السياسي!". Lebanon24 (in Arabic). Retrieved 2020-11-10.
^"The unprecedented mass protests in Lebanon explained". 2019-11-11.
^"Lebanese govt to charge USD 0.20 a day for WhatsApp calls". The Daily Star. 2019-10-17. Archived from the original on 2020-06-09. Retrieved 2019-10-18.
^"Protests erupt in Lebanon over plans to impose new taxes". aljazeera.com. 2019-10-18. Retrieved 2019-10-18.
^"Lebanon: WhatsApp tax sparks mass protests". DW. Deutsche Welle. 2019-10-10. Retrieved 2019-10-18.
^ ab"Lebanon Protesters Found Strength in Unity, Ditched Sectarianism". Report Syndication. 2019-10-27.
^"Jobless rate at 46 pct, president warns | Business, Local | THE DAILY STAR". The Daily Star. Archived from the original on 2019-09-15. Retrieved 2020-05-26.
^"Protesters march from Al Nour Square to Central Bank in Tripoli". MTV Lebanon. 2019-10-22. Retrieved 2019-10-26.
^"Protesters block Karakoul Druze-Mar Elias road". MTV Lebanon. 2019-10-22. Retrieved 2019-10-26.
^Khraiche, Dana (2019-10-17). "Nationwide Protests Erupt in Lebanon as Economic Crisis Deepens". Bloomberg.com. Bloomberg News. Retrieved 2019-10-18.
^Kabboul, Tamarah (2019-11-01). "Lebanese Protesters Addressed President Aoun with an Urgent Demand/". THE961. Archived from the original on 2019-12-31. Retrieved 2019-11-24.
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