Scopolamine, also known as hyoscine,[7] or Devil's Breath,[8] is a natural or synthetically produced tropane alkaloid and anticholinergic drug that is used as a medication to treat motion sickness[9] and postoperative nausea and vomiting.[10][1] It is also sometimes used before surgery to decrease saliva.[1] When used by injection, effects begin after about 20 minutes and last for up to 8 hours.[1] It may also be used orally and as a transdermal patch since it has been long known to have transdermal bioavailability.[1][11]
Scopolamine is in the antimuscarinic family of drugs and works by blocking some of the effects of acetylcholine within the nervous system.[1]
Scopolamine was first written about in 1881 and started to be used for anesthesia around 1900.[12][13] Scopolamine is also the main active component produced by certain plants of the nightshade family, which historically have been used as psychoactive drugs (known as deliriants) due to their antimuscarinic-induced hallucinogenic effects in higher doses.[10] In these contexts, its mind-altering effects have been utilized for recreational and occult purposes.[14][15][16] The name "scopolamine" is derived from one type of nightshade known as Scopolia, while the name "hyoscine" is derived from another type known as Hyoscyamus niger, or black henbane.[17][18] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[19]
^ abcdef"Scopolamine". The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. Archived from the original on 7 October 2016. Retrieved 8 December 2016.
^"Poisons Standard October 2020". Federal Register of Legislation. 30 September 2020. Retrieved 23 October 2020.
^"Hyoscine Hydrobromide 400 micrograms/ml Solution for Injection - Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC)". (emc). Archived from the original on 27 October 2020. Retrieved 23 October 2020.
^"Kwells 300 microgram tablets - Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC)". (emc). Archived from the original on 26 October 2020. Retrieved 23 October 2020.
^Putcha L, Cintrón NM, Tsui J, Vanderploeg JM, Kramer WG (June 1989). "Pharmacokinetics and oral bioavailability of scopolamine in normal subjects". Pharmaceutical Research. 06 (6): 481–485. doi:10.1023/A:1015916423156. PMID 2762223. S2CID 27507555.
^Juo PS (2001). Concise Dictionary of Biomedicine and Molecular Biology (2nd ed.). Hoboken: CRC Press. p. 570. ISBN 978-1-4200-4130-9. Archived from the original on 10 September 2017.
^Duffy R (23 July 2007). "Colombian Devil's Breath". Vice. Retrieved 3 February 2022.
^"About hyoscine hydrobromide". nhs.uk. 24 October 2022. Retrieved 14 March 2023.
^ abOsbourn AE, Lanzotti V (2009). Plant-derived Natural Products: Synthesis, Function, and Application. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 5. ISBN 978-0-387-85498-4. Archived from the original on 10 September 2017.
^Sollmann T (1957). A Manual of Pharmacology and Its Applications to Therapeutics and Toxicology (8th ed.). Philadelphia and London: W.B. Saunders.
^Keys TE (1996). The history of surgical anesthesia(PDF) (Reprint ed.). Park Ridge, Ill.: Wood Library, Museum of Anesthesiology. p. 48ff. ISBN 978-0-9614932-7-1.
^Fischer J, Ganellin CR (2006). Analogue-based Drug Discovery. John Wiley & Sons. p. 551. ISBN 978-3-527-60749-5.
^Kennedy DO (2014). "The Deliriants - The Nightshade (Solanaceae) Family". Plants and the Human Brain. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 131–137. ISBN 978-0-19-991401-2. LCCN 2013031617. Archived from the original on 17 September 2021. Retrieved 17 September 2021.
^Cite error: The named reference Uribe_et_al_2005 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Raetsch C (2005). The encyclopedia of psychoactive plants: ethnopharmacology and its applications. US: Park Street Press. pp. 277–282.
^The Chambers Dictionary. Allied Publishers. 1998. pp. 788, 1480. ISBN 978-81-86062-25-8.
^Cattell HW (1910). Lippincott's new medical dictionary: a vocabulary of the terms used in medicine, and the allied sciences, with their pronunciation, etymology, and signification, including much collateral information of a descriptive and encyclopedic character. Lippincott. p. 435. Archived from the original on 10 September 2017. Retrieved 25 February 2012.
^World Health Organization (2019). World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019. Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl:10665/325771. WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
Scopolamine, also known as hyoscine, or Devil's Breath, is a natural or synthetically produced tropane alkaloid and anticholinergic drug that is used...
Hyoscine butylbromide, also known as scopolamine butylbromide and sold under the brandname Buscopan among others, is an anticholinergic medication used...
include plants of the genera Datura and Brugmansia (both containing scopolamine) as well as higher than recommended dosages of diphenhydramine (Benadryl)...
unable or unwilling to provide it otherwise. These include ethanol, scopolamine, 3-quinuclidinyl benzilate, midazolam, flunitrazepam, sodium thiopental...
without the loss of consciousness, induced by an injection of morphine and scopolamine, with the purpose of pain management during childbirth. The obstetric...
European scopolia or autumn mandrake, which contain alkaloids (atropine and scopolamine, which are hallucinogenic in higher doses) characterized by a narrow...
horizon. Three types of medications are useful: antimuscarinics such as scopolamine, H1 antihistamines such as dimenhydrinate, and amphetamines such as dexamphetamine...
in both the New and Old Worlds due to the presence of the alkaloids scopolamine and atropine, which are also produced by plants associated with Old World...
younger, the ratio of scopolamine to atropine is about 3:1; after flowering, this ratio is reversed, with the amount of scopolamine continuing to decrease...
cause a disease called "monsterism" and that they contain pesticides and scopolamine. In September 2021, it published a false story about 27 U.S. Air Force...
plant family Solanaceae. Certain tropane alkaloids such as cocaine and scopolamine are notorious for their psychoactive effects, related usage and cultural...
long the effect persists. Scopolamine and atropine have similar effects on the peripheral nervous system. However, scopolamine has greater effects on the...
ingested, containing tropane alkaloids. These toxins include atropine, scopolamine, and hyoscyamine, which cause delirium and hallucinations, and are also...
Atropa belladonna-derived drug hyoscine (known in the United States as Scopolamine) has 92 per cent of the antimuscarinic potency of atropine. Hyoscyamine...
the psychoactive scopolamine. It has also been used as a truth serum. Borrachero loosely translates to "get-you-drunk", and scopolamine is also known as...
to: Cocaine Cocaine reverse ester Fenoterol Hydromorphinol Hyoscine (scopolamine) Oxymorphol This set index page lists chemical structure articles associated...
and pharmaceutical. Medicines of different classes include atropine, scopolamine, and hyoscyamine (all from nightshade), the traditional medicine berberine...
palliative care, drugs such as glycopyrronium, hyoscine hydrobromide (scopolamine) or atropine may be used for their anticholinergic effects to reduce...
Examples of preanesthetic agents are: Acepromazine atropine diazepam Scopolamine Opioid analgesics, such as morphine, pethidine and buprenorphine. These...
and scopolamine, may produce a paradoxical increase in vagal effects on the heart, as suggested by a decrease in heart rate. In addition, scopolamine and...
system. Many drugs and other substances (for example pilocarpine and scopolamine) manipulate these two distinct receptors by acting as selective agonists...
poisonous. The leaves contain a number of alkaloids, including hyoscine (scopolamine), used for treating motion sickness, stomach disorders, and the side...
effects than the traditional treatment for motion sickness, transdermal scopolamine. A very serious allergic reaction to this drug is unlikely, but immediate...
various stages of development as medications including Ketamine, MDMA, Scopolamine, and the serotonergic psychedelics, including LSD, psilocin (the active...
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