Device that can calculate its geographical position based on satellite information
"GPS navigation" redirects here. For navigation provided by a GPS, see Turn-by-turn navigation.
Vehicle navigation on a personal navigation assistantGarmin eTrex10 edition handheld
A satellite navigation device, satnav device or satellite navigation receiver is a user equipment that uses one or more of several global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) to calculate the device's geographical position and provide navigational advice.
Depending on the software used, the satnav device may display the position on a map, as geographic coordinates, or may offer routing directions.
As of 2023[update], four GNSS systems are operational: the original United States' Global Positioning System (GPS), the European Union's Galileo, Russia's GLONASS,[1][2] and China's BeiDou Navigation Satellite System. The Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (IRNSS) will follow and Japan's Quasi-Zenith Satellite System (QZSS) scheduled for 2023 will augment the accuracy of a number of GNSS.
A satellite navigation device can retrieve location and time information from one or more GNSS systems in all weather conditions, anywhere on or near the Earth's surface. Satnav reception requires an unobstructed line of sight to four or more GNSS satellites,[3] and is subject to poor satellite signal conditions. In exceptionally poor signal conditions, for example in urban areas, satellite signals may exhibit multipath propagation where signals bounce off structures, or are weakened by meteorological conditions. Obstructed lines of sight may arise from a tree canopy or inside a structure, such as in a building, garage or tunnel. Today, most standalone Satnav receivers are used in automobiles. The Satnav capability of smartphones may use assisted GNSS (A-GNSS) technology, which can use the base station or cell towers to provide a faster Time to First Fix (TTFF), especially when satellite signals are poor or unavailable. However, the mobile network part of the A-GNSS technology would not be available when the smartphone is outside the range of the mobile reception network, while the satnav aspect would otherwise continue to be available.
^"Russia Launches Three More GLONASS-M Space Vehicles". Inside GNSS. Archived from the original on 6 February 2009. Retrieved 26 December 2008.
^"index.php". clove.co.uk. 10 January 2012. Archived from the original on 10 March 2016. Retrieved 3 April 2018.
^"What is a GPS?". Library of Congress. Archived from the original on 31 January 2018. Retrieved 29 December 2017.
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