Global InformationBeiDou information
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|
 Logo of BeiDou | |
| Country/ies of origin | China |
|---|---|
| Operator(s) | CNSA |
| Type | Military, commercial |
| Status | Operational |
| Coverage | Global |
| Accuracy | 3.6 m (global, public) 2.6 m (Asia Pacific, public) 10 cm (encrypted)[1] |
| Constellation size | |
| Nominal satellites | 30 |
| Current usable satellites | 35 |
| First launch | 31 October 2000 |
| Last launch | 23 June 2020[2] |
| Total launches | 59[3] |
| Orbital characteristics | |
| Regime(s) | GEO, IGSO, MEO |
| Orbital period | 7⁄13 sd or 12 hours and 53 minutes |
| Revisit period | 7 sidereal days |
| Website | en |
| Geodesy |
|---|
 |
The BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS; Chinese: 北斗卫星导航系统; pinyin: běidǒu wèixīng dǎoháng xìtǒng) is a satellite-based radio navigation system owned and operated by the China National Space Administration.[4] It is one of the global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) that provide geolocation and time information to a BDS receiver anywhere on or near the Earth where there is an unobstructed line of sight to four or more BDS satellites.[5] It does not require the user to transmit any data, and operates independently of any telephonic or Internet reception, though these technologies can enhance the usefulness of the BDS positioning information.[6]
The current service, BeiDou-3 (third-generation BeiDou), provides full global coverage for timing and navigation, along with Russia's GLONASS, the European Galileo, and the US's GPS.[7] It consists of satellites in three different orbits, including 24 satellites in medium-circle orbits (covering the world), 3 satellites in inclined geosynchronous orbits (covering the Asia–Pacific region), and 3 satellites in geostationary orbits (covering China). The BeiDou-3 system was fully operational in July 2020.[8][9][10][11][12] In 2016, BeiDou-3 reached millimeter-level accuracy with post-processing.[13]
Predecessors included BeiDou-1 (first-generation BeiDou), consisting of three satellites in a regional satellite navigation system. Since 2000, the system has mainly provided navigation services within China. In December 2012, as the design life of BeiDou-1 expired, it stopped operating.[14] The BeiDou-2 (second-generation BeiDou) system was also a regional satellite navigation system containing 16 satellites, including 6 geostationary satellites, 6 inclined geosynchronous orbit satellites, and 4 medium earth orbit satellites. In November 2012, BeiDou-2 began to provide users with regional positioning services in the Asia–Pacific region.[15][16] Within the region, BeiDou is more accurate than GPS.[17]: 179
In 2015, fifteen years after the satellite system was launched, it was generating a turnover of $31.5 billion per annum for major companies such as China Aerospace Science and Industry Corporation, AutoNavi, and Norinco.[18] The industry has grown an average of over 20% in value annually to reach $64 billion in 2020.[19][20]
- ^ May 27, Merryl Azriel on; Space, 2013 in; Relations, International (27 May 2013). "US Department of Defense Reports on China's Space Capabilities". Space Safety Magazine. Archived from the original on 7 September 2016. Retrieved 1 August 2015.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ "China puts final satellite for Beidou network into orbit -state media". Financialpost. Financial Post. Archived from the original on 25 June 2020. Retrieved 22 June 2020.
- ^ "北斗卫星发射一览表". 北斗卫星导航系统. Archived from the original on 19 November 2018. Retrieved 19 November 2018.
- ^ "北斗导航系统". www.cnsa.gov.cn. Archived from the original on 4 November 2023. Retrieved 4 November 2023.
- ^ Xiong, Jing; Han, Fei (1 January 2020). "Positioning performance analysis on combined GPS/BDS precise point positioning". Geodesy and Geodynamics. 11 (1): 78–83. Bibcode:2020G&G....11...78X. doi:10.1016/j.geog.2019.11.001. ISSN 1674-9847. S2CID 214436136.
- ^ "The Application Service Architecture of BeiDou Navigation Satellite System" (PDF). China Satellite Navigation Office.
- ^ "BDS - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics". www.sciencedirect.com. Archived from the original on 4 November 2023. Retrieved 4 November 2023.
- ^ "中国北斗导航卫星再次进入密集发射期". 中国新闻社. 31 March 2015. Archived from the original on 11 July 2017. Retrieved 16 June 2017.
- ^ PTI, K. J. M. Varma (27 December 2018). "China's BeiDou navigation satellite, rival to US GPS, starts global services". livemint.com. Archived from the original on 27 December 2018. Retrieved 27 December 2018.
- ^ "The BDS-3 Preliminary System Is Completed to Provide Global Services". news.dwnews.com. Archived from the original on 27 December 2018. Retrieved 27 December 2018.
- ^ "China puts final satellite for Beidou network into orbit – state media". Reuters. 23 June 2020. Archived from the original on 28 October 2020. Retrieved 23 June 2020.
- ^ ""数"说北斗丨北斗究竟发了多少颗卫星？_新闻_央视网(cctv.com)". m.news.cctv.com. Archived from the original on 4 November 2023. Retrieved 4 November 2023.
- ^ "Directions 2017: BeiDou's road to global service". GPS World. 6 December 2016. Archived from the original on 27 May 2017. Retrieved 8 May 2017.
- ^ "20年磨一剑——北斗导航系统的发展历程--中国数字科技馆". China Digital Science and Technology Museum. Archived from the original on 22 October 2022. Retrieved 4 November 2023.
- ^ "China GPS rival Beidou starts offering navigation data". BBC. 27 December 2011. Archived from the original on 3 February 2012. Retrieved 20 June 2018.
- ^ "China's Beidou GPS-substitute opens to public in Asia". BBC. 27 December 2012. Archived from the original on 27 December 2012. Retrieved 27 December 2012.
- ^ Parzyan, Anahit (2023). "China's Digital Silk Road: Empowering Capabilities for Digital Leadership in Eurasia". China and Eurasian Powers in a Multipolar World Order 2.0: Security, Diplomacy, Economy and Cyberspace. Mher Sahakyan. New York: Routledge. ISBN 978-1-003-35258-7. OCLC 1353290533.
- ^ "Sky's the limit for Beidou's clients[1]- Chinadaily.com.cn". chinadaily.com.cn. Archived from the original on 1 March 2017. Retrieved 18 November 2015.
- ^ "China's answer to GPS poised to create US$156 billion industry". South China Morning Post. 27 May 2021. Archived from the original on 26 October 2021. Retrieved 26 October 2021.
- ^ "China's Beidou navigation system to serve $156 billion home market by 2025". Reuters. 26 May 2021. Archived from the original on 26 October 2021. Retrieved 26 October 2021.