Automatic tracking system that uses transceivers on ships
This article is about vessel tracking. For inland waterways transmission identification, see Automatic Transmitter Identification System (marine).
A U.S. Coast Guard Operations Specialist using AIS and radar to manage vessel traffic.An AIS-equipped system on board a ship presents the bearing and distance of nearby vessels in a radar-like display format.A graphical display of AIS data on board a ship.
The automatic identification system (AIS) is an automatic tracking system that uses transceivers on ships and is used by vessel traffic services (VTS). When satellites are used to receive AIS signatures, the term Satellite-AIS (S-AIS) is used. AIS information supplements marine radar, which continues to be the primary method of collision avoidance for water transport.[citation needed] Although technically and operationally distinct, the ADS-B system is analogous to AIS and performs a similar function for aircraft.
Information provided by AIS equipment, such as unique identification, position, course, and speed, can be displayed on a screen or an electronic chart display and information system (ECDIS). AIS is intended to assist a vessel's watchstanding officers and allow maritime authorities to track and monitor vessel movements. AIS integrates a standardized VHF transceiver with a positioning system such as a Global Positioning System receiver, with other electronic navigation sensors, such as a gyrocompass or rate of turn indicator. Vessels fitted with AIS transceivers can be tracked by AIS base stations located along coastlines or, when out of range of terrestrial networks, through a growing number of satellites that are fitted with special AIS receivers which are capable of deconflicting a large number of signatures.
The International Maritime Organization's International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea requires AIS to be fitted aboard international voyaging ships with 300 or more gross tonnage (GT), and all passenger ships regardless of size.[1] For a variety of reasons, ships can turn off their AIS transceivers.[2]
^"AIS Transponders". Imo.org. Retrieved 22 February 2021.
^"Avoiding detection: The team tracking Iran's attempt to cloak its oil exports". The Jerusalem Post | JPost.com. 25 October 2018.
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