The Santiaogou Republic (Chinese: 三條溝公司, Hakka/Dutch: Sam-Thiao-Keoe; "Three gullies"), sometimes spelled as Santiago Republic in some sources, later renamed as the Sanda futing (Chinese: 三達副廳; "Deputy Hall of Three Reaches"), and lastly as the Hexian zhengting (Chinese: 和現正廳; "Legitimate Parliament of the Harmonies Present"), was a powerful Chinese kongsi federation formerly associated with Monterado (Chinese: 打勞鹿, Hakka: Montradok) district before moving to Sepang (Chinese: 昔邦, Hakka: Sapawang) in West Kalimantan, Borneo. It joined the Heshun Confederation in 1776, but left due to disputes and allied with the sultan of Sambas (and later the Dutch), succeeding in destroying its former ally Heshun and the Dagang kongsi. It was one of several miners' confederations in Borneo that later came into conflict with the Dutch to maintain their form of government, described as democratic.[1]
Despite its alliance with the Dutch, Santiaogou's kongsi was also dissolved and its lands officially handed over to the Dutch in 1854. The remaining Santiaogou miners moved northward into Sarawak, where they continued their mining operations until 1857.
The SantiaogouRepublic (Chinese: 三條溝公司, Hakka/Dutch: Sam-Thiao-Keoe; "Three gullies"), sometimes spelled as Santiago Republic in some sources, later renamed...
third powerful bloc in the Confederation (the others being Dagang and Santiaogou), a move met with so much outcry Guibo was forced to resign after ten...
The Lanfang Republic (Chinese: 蘭芳共和國; pinyin: Lánfāng Gònghéguó, Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Làn-fông Khiung-fò-koet), also known as Lanfang Company (Chinese: 蘭芳公司; pinyin:...
were the Lanfang Republic, the Heshun Confederation (Fosjoen), and the Santiaogou Federation (Samtiaokioe) after it had split from the Heshun. Commercial...
nations until late in the 17th century. From its inception, the Dutch Republic was at war with the Spanish crown (which was in a dynastic union with the...
Indonesia Serikat, lit. 'Republic of the United States of Indonesia'; abbreviated as RIS or RUSI, also known as Federal Republic of Indonesia) was a short-lived...
The Revolutionary Government of the Republic of Indonesia (Indonesian: Pemerintahan Revolusioner Republik Indonesia, abbr. PRRI) was a revolutionary government...
The Emergency Government of the Republic of Indonesia (Indonesian: Pemerintahan Darurat Republik Indonesia, PDRI) was established by Indonesian Republicans...
Kartosuwirjo, a former Indonesian nationalist who refused to recognize the new Republic of Indonesia. Instead, he proclaimed the establishment of the Islamic State...
1948), was an armed conflict between the government of the self-proclaimed Republic of Indonesia and the left-wing opposition group Front Demokrasi Rakyat...
of the newly proclaimed State of East Indonesia, a rival state to the Republic of Indonesia which was proclaimed and headed by Sukarno and Hatta. The...
history of Indonesia includes the military history of the modern nation of Republic of Indonesia, as well as the military history of the states which preceded...
Independence, was an armed conflict and diplomatic struggle between the Republic of Indonesia and the Dutch Empire and an internal social revolution during...
Global Information
Indonesia portal