A giant molecular cloud near the Milky Way's center
Sagittarius B2
Molecular cloud
Giant molecular cloud
Observation data: J2000.0[1] epoch
Right ascension
17h 47m 20.4s[1]
Declination
−28° 23′ 07″[1]
Constellation
Sagittarius
Physical characteristics
Radius
23 pc
Designations
Sagittarius B2, Sgr B2
See also: Lists of nebulae
Sagittarius B2 (Sgr B2) is a giant molecular cloud of gas and dust that is located about 120 parsecs (390 ly) from the center of the Milky Way. This complex is the largest molecular cloud in the vicinity of the core and one of the largest in the galaxy, spanning a region about 45 parsecs (150 ly) across.[2] The total mass of Sgr B2 is about 3 million times the mass of the Sun.[3] The mean hydrogen density within the cloud is 3000 atoms per cm3, which is about 20–40 times denser than a typical molecular cloud.[4]
The internal structure of this cloud is complex, with varying densities and temperatures. The cloud is divided into three main cores, designated north (N), middle or main (M) and south (S) respectively. Thus Sgr B2(N) represents the north core. The sites Sgr B2(M) and Sgr B2(N) are sites of prolific star formation. The first 10 H II regions discovered were designated A through J.[5] H II regions A–G, I and J lie within Sgr B2(M), while region K is in Sgr B2(N) and region H is in Sgr B2(S).[6] The 5-parsec-wide core of the cloud is a star-forming region that is emitting about 10 million times the luminosity of the Sun.[7]
The cloud is composed of various kinds of complex molecules, of particular interest: alcohol. The cloud contains ethanol, vinyl alcohol, and methanol. This is due to the conglomeration of atoms resulting in new molecules. The composition was discovered via spectrograph in an attempt to discover amino acids. An ester, ethyl formate, was also discovered, which is a major precursor to amino acids. This ester is also responsible for the flavour of raspberries,[8] leading some articles on Sagittarius B2 to postulate the cloud as smelling of ‘raspberry rum’.[9][10] Large quantities of butyronitrile (propyl cyanide) and other alkyl cyanides have also been detected as being present in the cloud.[11]
Temperatures in the cloud vary from 300 K (27 °C) in dense star-forming regions to 40 K (−233.2 °C) in the surrounding envelope.[12] Because the average temperature and pressure in Sgr B2 are low, chemistry based on the direct interaction of atoms is exceedingly slow. However, the Sgr B2 complex contains cold dust grains consisting of a silicon core surrounded by a mantle of water ice and various carbon compounds. The surfaces of these grains allow chemical reactions to occur by accreting molecules that can then interact with neighboring compounds. The resulting compounds can then evaporate from the surface and join the molecular cloud.[2]
The molecular components of this cloud can be readily observed in the 102–103 μm range of wavelengths.[2] About half of all the known interstellar molecules were first found near Sgr B2, and nearly every other currently known molecule has since been detected in this feature.[13]
The European Space Agency's gamma-ray observatory INTEGRAL has observed gamma rays interacting with Sgr B2, causing X-ray emission from the molecular cloud. This energy was emitted about 350 years prior by the supermassive black hole (SMBH) at the galaxy's core, Sagittarius A*. The total luminosity from this outburst is an estimated million times stronger than the current output from Sagittarius A*.[14][15] This conclusion was supported in 2011 by Japanese astronomers who observed the Galactic Center with the Suzaku satellite.[16]
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^Gupta, Richa (2015-08-12). "Raspberries and Rum- Sagittarius B2". Astronaut. Archived from the original on 2022-07-18. Retrieved 2020-07-25.
^"A raspberry flavoured galactic centre with a hint of rum". Wiley Analytical Science. doi:10.1002/sepspec.21408ezine (inactive 31 January 2024). Retrieved 2020-07-25.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of January 2024 (link)
^Team, How It Works (2015-12-03). "The Milky Way smells of rum and tastes like raspberries". How It Works. Retrieved 2020-07-25.
^Belloche, A.; Garrod, R. T.; Müller, H. S. P.; Menten, K. M.; Comito, C.; Schilke, P. (2009-05-01). "Increased complexity in interstellar chemistry: detection and chemical modeling of ethyl formate and n-propyl cyanide in Sagittarius B2(N)". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 499 (1): 215–232. arXiv:0902.4694. Bibcode:2009A&A...499..215B. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/200811550. ISSN 0004-6361. S2CID 98625608.
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^Cite error: The named reference nobukawa2011 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
SagittariusB2 (Sgr B2) is a giant molecular cloud of gas and dust that is located about 120 parsecs (390 ly) from the center of the Milky Way. This complex...
galactic center, including the giant molecular cloud identified as SagittariusB2, 390 light years from the galactic center, making it the first detection...
Interstellar sources of hydronium observations include the regions of SagittariusB2, Orion OMC-1, Orion BN–IRc2, Orion KL, and the comet Hale–Bopp. Interstellar...
GeV excess Galactic coordinate system Great Rift (astronomy) Sagittarius A SagittariusB2 SDSS J090745.0+024507 Overbye, Dennis (31 January 2022). "An...
toward SagittariusB2 (Sgr B2), a dense interstellar cloud between stars toward the Galactic Center of the Milky Way. The distance between the Sgr B2 cloud...
of the richest sources for detecting interstellar molecules is SagittariusB2 (Sgr B2), a giant molecular cloud near the centre of the Milky Way. About...
Radio Observatory. It was first detected in the SagittariusB2 North molecular cloud (also known as the Sgr B2 Large Molecule Heimat source). Acetic acid has...
Propionaldehyde along with acrolein has been detected in the molecular cloud SagittariusB2 near the center of the Milky Way Galaxy, about 26,000 light years from...
line surveys in the submillimeter band of the star formation regions SagittariusB2 and Orion KL; the carbon star IRC+10216; and the planets Jupiter and...
carcinogens. In 2016 it was reported that propylene oxide was detected in SagittariusB2, a cloud of gas in the Milky Way weighing three million solar masses...
found within an immense gas cloud in the star-forming region called SagittariusB2. This interstellar space is located at about 300 light years away from...
H2O Butyronitrile has been detected in the Large Molecule Heimat in SagittariusB2 cloud along with other complex organic molecules. Merck Index, 11th...
which is 64 billion solar masses, and 15,300 times more massive than Sagittarius A*, the Milky Way's central black hole. With such high mass, TON 618...
Molecule Heimat is a dense gas cloud located in the molecular cloud SagittariusB2. Many species of molecule, including aminoacetonitrile (a molecule related...
identified in dust clouds in an area of the Milky Way galaxy called SagittariusB2. It is among 50 molecular species identified using the 30 metre IRAM...
Houghton University of New South Wales A study of methanol masers towards SagittariusB2 1992 Kylie Waring Monash University Photometry of stellar variations...
koci and rempah udang, and was declared safe. Reynold chose to cook a SagittariusB2-inspired dessert tasting of rum and raspberries and his sorbet was light...
far as the Galactic Centre, about 8000 pc away in the constellation of Sagittarius. Distances expressed in fractions of a parsec usually involve objects...
Remijan; P. R. Jewell (2006). "Detection of Ketenimine (CH2CNH) in SagittariusB2(N) Hot Cores". The Astrophysical Journal. 645 (2): L137–L140. Bibcode:2006ApJ...
This is the list of notable stars in the constellation Sagittarius, sorted by decreasing brightness. List of stars by constellation ESA (1997). "The Hipparcos...
Ohishi M, Saito S (2000). "A Three-Position Spectral Line Survey of SagittariusB2 between 218 and 263 GHz. II. Data Analysis". The Astrophysical Journal...
Javier R.; Caux, Emmanuel (2000). "Far-infrared Detection of C3 in SagittariusB2 and IRC +10216". Astrophysical Journal Letters. 534 (2): L199–L202....
radio source named Sagittarius A* (pronounced Sagittarius A-star). The motion of material around the center indicates that Sagittarius A* harbors a massive...
453 1969. High Resolution Far-infrared Observations of HII Regions: SagittariusB2, W49, DR 21- W75, P. M. Harvey, M. F. Campbell and W. F. Hoffman, Astrophys...
Interstellar NS was first identified in the giant molecular cloud SagittariusB2 (Sgr B2). Its presence was reported in two concurrent articles. Measurements...
Black Swan Cluster, is an open cluster of stars in the constellation Sagittarius. It was discovered by Charles Messier in 1764 and included in his list...
Nunki /ˈnʌŋki/, is the second-brightest star in the constellation of Sagittarius. It has an apparent magnitude of +2.05, making it readily visible to...
arrival of the next solar maximum, an interaction between Earth and Sagittarius A*, a supermassive black hole at the center of the galaxy, the Nibiru...
Dragon mansions. It corresponds to constellations Ara, Ophiuchus and Sagittarius. Added Stars The Dipper mansion is the first of the Black Turtle mansions...
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