Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Infobox references
Chemical compound
Acetic acid
Clinical data
AHFS/Drugs.com
Monograph
Identifiers
E number
E260 (preservatives)
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
DTXSID5024394
ECHA InfoCard
100.000.528
Data page
Acetic acid (data page)
Acetic acid/əˈsiːtɪk/, systematically named ethanoic acid/ˌɛθəˈnoʊɪk/, is an acidic, colourless liquid and organic compound with the chemical formula CH3COOH (also written as CH3CO2H, C2H4O2, or HC2H3O2). Vinegar is at least 4% acetic acid by volume, making acetic acid the main component of vinegar apart from water. It has been used, as a component of vinegar, throughout history from at least the third century BC.
Acetic acid is the second simplest carboxylic acid (after formic acid). It is an important chemical reagent and industrial chemical across various fields, used primarily in the production of cellulose acetate for photographic film, polyvinyl acetate for wood glue, and synthetic fibres and fabrics. In households, diluted acetic acid is often used in descaling agents. In the food industry, acetic acid is controlled by the food additive code E260 as an acidity regulator and as a condiment. In biochemistry, the acetyl group, derived from acetic acid, is fundamental to all forms of life. When bound to coenzyme A, it is central to the metabolism of carbohydrates and fats.
The global demand for acetic acid is about 6.5 million metric tonnes per year (t/a), manufactured from methanol.[8] Its production and subsequent industrial use poses health hazards to workers, including incidental skin damage and chronic respiratory injuries from inhalation.[9]
^Scientific literature reviews on generally recognised as safe (GRAS) food ingredients. National Technical Information Service. 1974. p. 1.
^Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry : IUPAC Recommendations and Preferred Names 2013 (Blue Book). Cambridge: The Royal Society of Chemistry. 2014. p. 745. doi:10.1039/9781849733069-00648. ISBN 978-0-85404-182-4.
^"acetic acid_msds".
^Lange's Handbook of Chemistry, 10th ed.
^ abcNIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. "#0002". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
^"Acetic acid". Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health Concentrations (IDLH). National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
^Cite error: The named reference Ullmann was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Cite error: The named reference :0 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
Aceticacid /əˈsiːtɪk/, systematically named ethanoic acid /ˌɛθəˈnoʊɪk/, is an acidic, colourless liquid and organic compound with the chemical formula...
of a carboxylic acid and is widely used as a reagent in organic synthesis. It is a colorless liquid that smells strongly of aceticacid, which is formed...
Aceticacid bacteria (AAB) are a group of Gram-negative bacteria which oxidize sugars or ethanol and produce aceticacid during fermentation. The acetic...
process of tea and coffee. Ethyl acetate is the ester of ethanol and aceticacid; it is manufactured on a large scale for use as a solvent. Ethyl acetate...
reminiscent of aceticacid. It can be highly corrosive. Peracetic acid is a weaker acid than the parent aceticacid, with a pKa of 8.2. Peracetic acid is produced...
acetaldehyde was mainly used as a precursor to aceticacid. This application has declined because aceticacid is produced more efficiently from methanol by...
of aceticacid and trace compounds that may include flavorings. Vinegar typically contains from 5% to 18% aceticacid by volume. Usually, the acetic acid...
temperature, comparable to the related aceticacid. Formic acid is about ten times stronger than aceticacid. It is miscible with water and most polar...
Methyl acetate, also known as MeOAc, aceticacid methyl ester or methyl ethanoate, is a carboxylate ester with the formula CH3COOCH3. It is a flammable...
Propionic acid has physical properties intermediate between those of the smaller carboxylic acids, formic and aceticacids, and the larger fatty acids. It is...
digestive enzymes), aceticacid (vinegar is a dilute aqueous solution of this liquid), sulfuric acid (used in car batteries), and citric acid (found in citrus...
-ic acid and -ate for a conjugate acid and its conjugate base, respectively. For example, the conjugate base of aceticacid is acetate. Carbonic acid, which...
The Monsanto process is an industrial method for the manufacture of aceticacid by catalytic carbonylation of methanol. The Monsanto process has largely...
oxoacids (e.g. esters of aceticacid, carbonic acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, nitric acid, xanthic acid), but also from acids that do not contain oxygen...
French chemist Auguste Cahours determined that glycine was an amine of aceticacid. Although glycine can be isolated from hydrolyzed protein, this route...
a simple example for a weak acid with Ka = 10−5, log Ka is the exponent which is -5, so that pKa = 5. And for aceticacid with Ka = 1.8 x 10−5, pKa is...
An acetate is a salt formed by the combination of aceticacid with a base (e.g. alkaline, earthy, metallic, nonmetallic or radical base). "Acetate" also...
3CH(OH)CO− 2. Compared to aceticacid, its pKa is 1 unit less, meaning lactic acid is ten times more acidic than aceticacid. This higher acidity is the...
colorless liquid with a vinegar-like odor. TFA is a stronger acid than aceticacid, having an acid ionisation constant, Ka, that is approximately 34,000 times...
esters. The major industrial route involves the reaction of ethylene and aceticacid with oxygen in the presence of a palladium catalyst. 2 C 2 H 4 + 2 CH...
Louis Pasteur proved it to be the cause of conversion of ethanol to aceticacid in 1864. Its bacterial motility plays an important role in the formation...
to aceticacid (and other acids). Although the SCOBY is commonly called "tea fungus" or "mushroom", it is actually "a symbiotic growth of aceticacid bacteria...
is an organic compound with the formula CH3CONH2. It is derived from aceticacid. It finds some use as a plasticizer and as an industrial solvent. The...
A-}}} Aceticacid (CH3COOH{\displaystyle {\ce {CH3COOH}}}) is an example of a weak acid. The strength of a weak acid is quantified by its acid dissociation...
as a precursor to other commodity chemicals, including formaldehyde, aceticacid, methyl tert-butyl ether, methyl benzoate, anisole, peroxyacids, as well...
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