Sulfotransferase 1A1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the SULT1A1 gene.[3][4][5]
Sulfotransferase enzymes catalyze the sulfate conjugation of many hormones, neurotransmitters, drugs, and xenobiotic compounds. These cytosolic enzymes are different in their tissue distributions and substrate specificities. The gene structure (number and length of exons) is similar among family members. This gene encodes one of two phenol sulfotransferases with thermostable enzyme activity. Multiple alternatively spliced variants that encode two isoforms have been identified for this gene.[5]
The SULT1A1 enzyme is expressed in outer roots sheath of hair follicles. Minoxidil, the only US FDA approved topical drug for re-growing hair in male and female pattern hair loss (androgenetic alopecia patients) is a pro-drug. Minoxidil is converted to its active form (minoxidil sulfate) by the hair sulfotransferase enzyme (SULT1A1).[6] A large variability in sulfotransferase enzyme expression in hair is observed among people. Low sulfotransferase activity was found to be predictive to lack of response to topical minoxidil for hair re-growth.[7] In a clinical study, a novel formula using a hypoxia mimetic pathway demonstrated to increase SULT1A1 activity in human subjects in-vivo.[8]
^ abcGRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000196502 – Ensembl, May 2017
^"Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^Dooley TP, Obermoeller RD, Leiter EH, Chapman HD, Falany CN, Deng Z, Siciliano MJ (November 1993). "Mapping of the phenol sulfotransferase gene (STP) to human chromosome 16p12.1-p11.2 and to mouse chromosome 7". Genomics. 18 (2): 440–3. doi:10.1006/geno.1993.1494. PMID 8288252.
^Dooley TP, Huang Z (November 1996). "Genomic organization and DNA sequences of two human phenol sulfotransferase genes (STP1 and STP2) on the short arm of chromosome 16". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 228 (1): 134–40. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1996.1628. PMID 8912648.
^ ab"SULT1A1 sulfotransferase family 1A member 1 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]".
^McCoy J, Goren A, Naccarato T, Kovacevic M, Situm M, Skudar VL, Lotti T (2019). "Identification of the sulfotransferase iso-enzyme primarily responsible for the bio-activation of topical minoxidil". Journal of Biological Regulators and Homeostatic Agents. 33 (3): 817–819. PMID 31184104.
^Goren A, Shapiro J, Roberts J, McCoy J, Desai N, Zarrab Z, et al. (2015). "Clinical utility and validity of minoxidil response testing in androgenetic alopecia". Dermatologic Therapy. 28 (1): 13–6. doi:10.1111/dth.12164. PMID 25112173. S2CID 205082682.
^Ramos PM, McCoy J, Wambier C, Shapiro J, Vañó-Galvan S, Sinclair R, Goren A (May 2020). "Novel topical booster enhances follicular sulfotransferase activity in patients with androgenetic alopecia: a new strategy to improve minoxidil response". Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology. 34 (12): e799–e800. doi:10.1111/jdv.16645. hdl:11343/278544. PMID 32432358. S2CID 218755089.
Sulfotransferase 1A1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the SULT1A1 gene. Sulfotransferase enzymes catalyze the sulfate conjugation of many hormones...
PST genes, for example the SULT1A1*2 polymorphism, which is a single nucleotide polymorphism at the 638th base of the SULT1A1 gene from guanine to adenosine...
prodrug that is converted by sulfation via the sulfotransferase enzyme SULT1A1 to its active form, minoxidil sulfate. The effect of minoxidil is mediated...
Additional 25–35% of paracetamol is converted to sulfate by sulfation enzymes SULT1A1, SULT1A3, and SULT1E1. A minor metabolic pathway (5–15%) of oxidation by...
are SULT1A1, SULT1E1, and SULT2A1, as well as the two isoforms of SULT2B1, SULT2B1a and SULT2B1b. Their substrate specificity is as follows: SULT1A1: Estradiol...
the predominant enzyme responsible, at least in hair follicles, being SULT1A1. Minoxidil sulfate acts as a potassium channel opener, among other actions...
Phenol sulfotransferase may refer to: SULT1A1, a human gene encoding a sulfotransferase SULT1A2, a human gene encoding a sulfotransferase SULT1A3, a human...
[citation needed] Other genes affected by NNK include sulfotransferase 1A1 (SULT1A1), transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), and angiotensin II (AT2).[citation...
that together are thought to represent estrone sulfotransferase (EST): SULT1A1 (catalyzes the reactions estradiol to estradiol sulfate and, to a lesser...
based upon in vitro experiments with recombinant human sulfotransferases, SULT1A1 appears to be the primary sulfotransferase enzyme involved in the conversion...
Raftogianis RB, Wood TC, et al. (2001). "Sulfation pharmacogenetics: SULT1A1 and SULT1A2 allele frequencies in Caucasian, Chinese and African-American...
WITH SULFATE BOUND 1ls6: Human SULT1A1 complexed with PAP and p-Nitrophenol 1z28: Crystal Structures of SULT1A2 and SULT1A1*3: Implications in the bioactivation...
(formed from estrone by SULT1E1) Estradiol sulfate (formed from estradiol by SULT1A1 and SULT1E1) Testosterone sulfate (formed from testosterone) Estrogen conjugate...
estrone, an estrogen. Simultaneously, estrogen sulfotransferases, including SULT1A1 and SULT1E1, convert estrone to E1S, resulting in an equilibrium between...
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