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Russian conquest of the Caucasus information


Russian conquest of the Caucasus
Part of the territorial evolution of Russia

From upper to bottom left: "Livebridge", Campaign of Karyagin, 1805; Capture of Erivan, 1827.
From upper to bottom right: Battle of Ganja (1826); Siege of Akhoulgo.
Date18 December 1800 – 2 June 1864
(63 years, 5 months, 2 weeks and 1 day)
Location
Caucasus, Western Asia
Result
  • Russia conquered the Caucasus
  • Local rebellions suppressed
Territorial
changes
  • Iranian territories of Dagestan, Eastern Georgia and Khanates of the Caucasus ceded to Russia by the treaties of Gulistan (1813) and Turkmenchay (1828)
  • Ottoman territories of Western Georgia and Southern West Caucasus ceded to Russia by the treaties of Bucharest (1812) and Adrianople (1829)
    • Belligerents

    Russian conquest of the Caucasus Russian Empire

    • Caucasus Viceroyalty

    Supported by:
    Russian conquest of the Caucasus French Empire (1807–10)

    Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti (1800–01)

    Russian conquest of the Caucasus Qajar Iran (1804–13, 1826–28)

    Supported by:
    Russian conquest of the Caucasus French Empire (1807)
    Russian conquest of the Caucasus British Empire (1809–13, 1826–28)

    Russian conquest of the Caucasus Ottoman Empire (1806–12, 1828–29, 1854–56)

    • Imereti (1800–04)
      • Russian conquest of the Caucasus Mingrelia (1800–03)
      • Abkhazia (1808–10)
      • Guria (1800–10)
      • Svaneti (1800–10)
    Supported by:
    Russian conquest of the Caucasus British Empire (1854–56)

    Russian conquest of the Caucasus Caucasian Imamate (1828–59)
    Russian conquest of the Caucasus Circassia (1800–64)
    Kabardia (1763–25) Karachays (1819–29)

    Svaneti (1854–1857)
    Abkhazia (1855–56)
    Commanders and leaders

    Russian Empire Paul I (1800–01)
    Russian Empire Alexander I (1801–25)
    Russian Empire Nicholas I (1825–55)
    Russian Empire Alexander II (1855–64)

    • Karl Knorring (1800–02)
    • Pavel Tsitsianov † (1802–06)
    • Ivan Gudovich (1806–09)
    • Alexander Tormasov (1809–11)
    • Filippo Paulucci (1811–12)
    • Nikolay Rtishchev (1812–16)
    • Aleksey Yermolov (1816–27)
    • Ivan Paskevich (1827–31)
    • Georg Andreas von Rosen (1831–38)
    • Yevgeny Golovin (1838–42)
    • Aleksander Neidgardt (1842–44)
    • Mikhail Vorontsov (1844–54)
    • Nikolay Muravyov-Amursky (1854–56)
    • Aleksandr Baryatinsky (1856–62)
    • Michael Nikolaevich (1862–64)
    George XII (1800)
    Prince David (1800–01)

    Qajar Iran Fath-Ali Shah (1804–13, 1826–28)

    • Abbas Mirza (1804–13; 1826–28)

    Ottoman Empire Selim III (1800–07)
    Ottoman Empire Mustafa IV (1807–08)
    Ottoman Empire Mahmud II
    (1808–12, 1828–29)
    Ottoman Empire Abdulmejid I (1853–55)

    • Solomon II (1800–04)
      • Russian conquest of the Caucasus Grigol Dadiani (1800–02, 1802–03)
      • Russian conquest of the Caucasus Tariel Dadiani (1802)
      • Aslan-Bey Shervashidze (1808–10)

    Caucasian Imamate Ghazi Muhammad † (1829–32)
    Caucasian Imamate Hamzat Bek † (1832–34)
    Caucasian Imamate Imam Shamil Surrendered (1834–59)
    Caucasian Imamate Beibulat Taimin
    Caucasian Imamate Tashev-Khadji of Endirey
    Caucasian Imamate Shuaib-Mulla of Tsentara
    Caucasian Imamate Hadji Murad
    Caucasian Imamate Isa Gendargeno
    Caucasian Imamate Baysangur of Beno
    Caucasian Imamate Talkhig Shelar
    Circassia Tuguzhuko (DOW) (1837–40)
    Circassia Sefer Bey (1854–56)

    Konstantine (1854–57)
    Mikhail (1855–56)
    Units involved

    Imperial Russian Army

    • Caucasus Forces
    		 Qajar Army Ottoman Army n/a
    The Caucasus from space
    Russian conquest of the Caucasus is located in Caucasus mountains
    1784
    1784
    1763
    1763
    1735
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    1837
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    1820
    1820
    1859
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    1864
    1864
    1864
    1864
    ~1786
    ~1786
    1806
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    1806
    1813
    1813
    1844
    1844
    1830
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    1805
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    1805
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    1828
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    1828
    1828
    1804
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    1801
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    1804
    1804
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    1803
    1810
    1810
    1840s
    1840s
    1810-64
    1810-64
    1878
    1878
    1878
    1878
    1829
    1829
    class=notpageimage|
    Approximate dates of Russian control. Mouseover for name.
    Diamond=Early Russian fort;
    X=Free mountaineers
    Yellow circle=Khanate from Persia.
    Yellow dot=Georgia from Persia
    Red dot=Georgia from Turkey
    Red circle= from Turkey
    Red square 1878-1918

    The Russian conquest of the Caucasus mainly occurred between 1800 and 1864. The Russian Empire sought to control the region between the Black Sea and Caspian Sea. South of the mountains was the territory that is modern Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, and parts of Iran and Turkey. North of the mountains was the North Caucasus region of modern Russia. The difficult conquest of the intervening mountains is known as the Caucasian War. Multiple wars were fought against the local rulers of the regions, as well as the dominant powers, the Ottoman Empire and Qajar Iran, for control. By 1864 the last regions were brought under Russian control.

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