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Russian conquest of Central Asia information


Russian conquest of Central Asia
Part of the territorial evolution of Russia

Map of Russian conquest of Turkestan
Date1713–1895
Location
Central Asia
Result

Russian victory

  • Establishment of Russian Turkestan
  • Bukhara, Khiva, and Kokand become protectorates of Russia
Territorial
changes		 Russian annexation of Central Asia
Belligerents

Russian conquest of Central Asia Tsardom of Russia (1713–1721)
Russian conquest of Central Asia Russian Empire (1721–1895)
Russian conquest of Central Asia Kalmyk Khanate (1721–1771)
Kalmyks (1773–1895)

  • Pro-Russian Tribes
  • Bashkirs
 Dzungar Khanate (until 1719)
Kazakh Khanate (until 1848)
Russian conquest of Central Asia Emirate of Bukhara (until 1868)
Russian conquest of Central Asia Khanate of Khiva (until 1873)
Russian conquest of Central Asia Kokand Khanate (until 1876)
Turkmen tribes
Kyrgyz tribes
Russian conquest of Central Asia Afghanistan
Russian conquest of Central Asia British Empire
Commanders and leaders
Russian Empire Peter the Great
Russian Empire Ivan Buchholz
Russian Empire Alexander Bekovich-Cherkassky †
Russian Empire Ivan Likharev
Russian Empire Ivan Timofeev
Russian Empire Ivan Loginov
Russian Empire Nikita Borodin
Russian Empire Anna Ioannovna
Russian Empire Catherine the Great
Russian Empire Military foreman Vitoshnov †
Russian Empire Ivan Krasnovskiy †
Russian Empire Andrey Borodin †
Russian Empire Iosif Igelström
Russian Empire Nicholas I
Russian Empire Alexander II
Russian Empire Alexander III
Russian Empire Nicholas II
Russian Empire Vasily Perovsky
Russian Empire Konstantin von Kaufman
Russian Empire Mikhail Chernyayev
Russian Empire Ivan Lazarev
Russian Empire Nikolai Lomakin
Russian Empire Alexei Rytov †
Russian Empire Khorunzhiy Rybin †
Russian Empire Mikhail Skobelev
Russian Empire Dmitry Romanovsky
Russian Empire Nikolai Rukin †
Ormon Khan		 Abul Khair Khan
Ablai Khan
Sapura Matenqyzy
Syrym Datuly
Azizuddin Bahadur †
Jar Muhammad Khan
Qasim Sultan
Wali Sultan
Adil Sultan
Ğubaidullah Khan †
Sarzhan Qasimuly
Kenesary Khan
Sher Ghazi Khan †
Emirate of Bukhara Nasrullah Khan
Emirate of Bukhara Muzaffaruddin Bahadur Khan
Syzdyk Sultan
United Kingdom William Brydon
Khanate of Khiva Allah Quli Bahadur
Khanate of Khiva Abu al-Ghazi Muhammad Amin Bahadur
Khanate of Khiva Qutlugh Muhammad Murad Bahadur
Khanate of Khiva Sayyid Muhammad
Khanate of Khiva Muhammad Rahim Bahadur II
Muhammad Mallya Beg Khan
Muhammad Sultan Khan
Alimqul †
Muhammad Khudayar Khan
Berdi Murad Khan †
Kara Bateer †
Makhdum Kuli Khan
Kurmanjan Datka
Emirate of Afghanistan Abdur Rahman Khan
Strength
Russian conquest of Central Asia In 1714–1716:
2,940 troops
In 1717:
4,000 troops
In 1715–1725:
2,000 troops
5 guns
12 pounds of gunpowder
300 cores
200 shot and buckshot charges
In 1773–1775:
35,000 troops
In 1832–1833:
1,050 troops
In 1835:
3,347 troops
In 1837:
3,080 troops
In 1838:
2,620 troops
In 1839-1840:
6,651 troops and 10,000 camels (Khiva)
2,600 troops (Kazakh Khanate)
In 1843:
30,000+ troops (Summer)
3,100 troops (Autumn)
In 1844:
3,000 troops
In 1853:
2,000+ troops
In 1864:
2,500 troops
In 1873:
13,000 troops
In 1879:
3,500 troops
In 1881:
7,100 troops
In 1883–1885:
1,500 troops		 Kazakh Khanate:
~10,000 troops (1717)
~500 troops (1720)
~300 troops (1721)
~3,000-6,000 troops (1773–1775)
~About 2,000 troops (1838)
~3,500 troops (1843)
~20,000 troops[1] (1844–1845)
In 1853:
~12,000 troops
In 1865:
~36,000 troops
Casualties and losses
Russian conquest of Central Asia In 1716:
2,300 killed
1,300 captured
In 1717:
About 4,000 killed (Khiva)
3,000 captured (Kazakh Khanate)
In 1722:
5,000 captured
In 1774–1776:
2,500 killed
In 1839:
2,500 killed or died of diseases
In 1866:
500 killed and wounded
In 1879:
200+ killed
~250 wounded
In 1881:
59–268 killed
254–669 wounded
645 died of diseases
In 1885:
11 killed or wounded		 In 1853:
230+ killed
In 1875:
thousands killed
Emirate of Bukhara In 1866:
12 000 killed
In 1868:
3 500+ killed
Turkmen tribes:
In 1879:
2,000+ killed
2,000+ wounded
In 1881:
~8,000 killed (incl. civilians)
Emirate of Afghanistan In 1885:
~900 killed or wounded

The conquest of Central Asia by the Russian Empire took place in the second half of the nineteenth century. The land that became Russian Turkestan and later Soviet Central Asia is now divided between Kazakhstan in the north, Uzbekistan across the center, Kyrgyzstan in the east, Tajikistan in the southeast, and Turkmenistan in the southwest. The area was called Turkestan because most of its inhabitants spoke Turkic languages with the exception of Tajikistan, which speaks an Iranian language.

  1. ^ Бекмаханов Е.Б., Восстание хана Кенесары (1837-1847), с. 27

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